{"id":11708,"date":"2024-10-28T20:43:22","date_gmt":"2024-10-28T20:43:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/preguntas-frecuentes\/"},"modified":"2026-01-20T19:20:33","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T19:20:33","slug":"preguntas-frecuentes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/es\/productos\/sistemas-multinivel\/403-cmt-sistemas-multinivel\/preguntas-frecuentes\/","title":{"rendered":"PREGUNTAS FRECUENTES"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; admin_label=\u00bbH1 and breadcrumbs\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb9px||0px||false|false\u00bb sticky_position=\u00bbtop\u00bb sticky_limit_bottom=\u00bbbody\u00bb background_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb sticky_position_tablet=\u00bbnone\u00bb sticky_position_phone=\u00bbnone\u00bb sticky_position_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb width=\u00bb90%\u00bb max_width=\u00bb1600px\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb12px||0px||false|false\u00bb sticky_position=\u00bbtop\u00bb sticky_limit_bottom=\u00bbbody\u00bb sticky_position_tablet=\u00bbnone\u00bb sticky_position_phone=\u00bbnone\u00bb sticky_position_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.25.0&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_font=\u00bb|700|||||||\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb36px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||5px|||\u00bb header_text_align_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb header_text_align_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_text_align_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h1 role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"1\" data-uw-rm-heading=\"level\">Preguntas frecuentes sobre el sistema multinivel CMT: Preguntas m\u00e1s frecuentes<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_breadcrumbs disabled_on=\u00bbon|off|off\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbbreadcrumbs below landing pages with mobile view off\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb home_icon_text_color=\u00bb#d6d6d6&#8243; global_module=\u00bb4283&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/dsm_breadcrumbs][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; admin_label=\u00bbMobile-Only Nav with Offset\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bb4759a92f-4b27-4854-bb2c-299854634e93&#8243; display_conditions=\u00bbW10=\u00bb sticky_offset_top=\u00bb127px\u00bb global_module=\u00bb2935&#8243; saved_tabs=\u00bball\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb width=\u00bb90%\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb0px||0px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||true|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_code admin_label=\u00bb403 Mobile Nav &#8211; Seleccionar desplegable\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_css_free_form=\u00bbselect {||||      font-size: 1em; \/* Adjust font size *\/||      padding: 10px;   \/* Optional: Increase padding for better spacing *\/||      width: 100%;||      box-sizing: border-box;\/* Optional: Adjust width to fit the container *\/||      height: 50px;||}||||    \/* Style for dropdown options (fallback if needed) *\/||select option {||      font-size: 1.2em; \/* Ensures option text matches select styling *\/||      width: 100%;||    }\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<select name=\"dropdown\" onchange=\"location = this.value;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"\">403 CMT Multilevel Systems Menu<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/\">403 CMT Sistemas multinivel P\u00e1gina principal<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/products\/multilevel-systems-and-remediation\/403-cmt-multilevel-system\/get-quote.php\">Pedir presupuesto<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/Forms\/sol.php\">Env\u00edame informaci\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/why-multilevels\/\">\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 multiniveles?<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/why-multilevels\/what-is-a-multilevel-system\/\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un sistema multinivel?<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/products\/multilevel-systems-and-remediation\/why-multilevels\/flash-demo.php\">Tecnolog\u00eda multinivel (Demostraci\u00f3n en v\u00eddeo)<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/why-multilevels\/multilevel-system-comparison\/\">Comparaci\u00f3n de sistemas multinivel<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/\">Ficha<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/applications-advantages-of-cmt-multilevel-systems\/\">-Aplicaciones y ventajas de la CMT<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/multichannel-tubing\/\">-Tubo multicanal<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/seals-and-sand-packs\/\">-Sellos y Paquetes de Arena<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/multilevel-monitoring-is-essential\/\">-Los niveles m\u00faltiples son esenciales<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/cmt-monitoring-options\/\">-Opciones de supervisi\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/cmt-field-applications\/\">-Aplicaciones de campo<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/cmt-contractors-training-program\/\">-Programas de formaci\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/products\/multilevel-systems-and-remediation\/403-cmt-multilevel-system\/operating-instructions\/\">Instrucciones<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/\">-Manual de Montaje del Sistema Multinivel CMT<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/pre-installation-requirements\/\">&#8211;Requisitos previos a la instalaci\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/introduction\/\">&#8211;Introducci\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/preparing-for-cmt-installation\/\">&#8211;Preparaci\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/assembling-standard-cmt-systems\/\">&#8211;Montaje de sistemas CMT est\u00e1ndar<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/marking-and-cutting-cmt-tubing\/\">&#8211;Marcar y cortar el tubo<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/403-manual-cutting-outer-ports-and-vent-holes\/\">&#8211;Cortar los puertos exteriores y los orificios de ventilaci\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/configuring-tubing-bottom\/\">&#8211;Configuraci\u00f3n del fondo del tubo<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/attaching-cmt-tubing-centralizers\/\">&#8211;Adjuntar centralizadores de tubos<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/cmt-multilevel-system-placement\/\">&#8211;CMT Colocaci\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/attaching-cmt-standard-wellhead\/\">&#8211;Adjuntar cabezal de pozo est\u00e1ndar<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/optional-cmt-multi-purge-manifold-assembly\/\">&#8211;Conjunto opcional de colector de purga m\u00faltiple<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/monitoring-options\/\">&#8211;Opciones de supervisi\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/cmt-specifications\/\">&#8211;CMT Especificaciones y consideraciones<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/intallationterms-and-conditions\/\">&#8211;T\u00e9rminos y condiciones<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/table-of-contents\/\">&#8211;\u00cdndice<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\t<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/\">-Manual de Montaje del Sistema Multinivel CMT Estrecho<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/pre-installation-requirements\/\">&#8211;Requisitos previos a la instalaci\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/introduction\/\">&#8211;Introducci\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/preparation\/\">&#8211;Preparaci\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/assembling-standard-403n-narrow-cmt-systems\/\">&#8211;Montaje de sistemas multinivel CMT est\u00e1ndar<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/marking-narrow-cmt-tubing\/\">&#8211;Marcado del tubo CMT<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/cutting-ports-and-vent-holes\/\">&#8211;Cortar los puertos y el orificio de ventilaci\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/configuring-the-bottom-of-narrow-cmt-tubing\/\">&#8211;Configuraci\u00f3n de la parte inferior del tubo CMT<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/narrow-cmt-placement\/\">&#8211;Colocaci\u00f3n estrecha de CMT<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/attaching-standard-wellhead\/\">&#8211;Montaje del cabezal de pozo est\u00e1ndar<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/optional-flow-control-monitoring-assembly\/\">&#8211;Conjunto opcional de monitorizaci\u00f3n del control de caudal<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/optional-multi-purge-manifold-assembly\/\">&#8211;Conjunto opcional de colector de purga m\u00faltiple<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"CMT Installation with Sand and Bentonite Cartridges\">-Instalaci\u00f3n de CMT con cartuchos de arena y bentonita<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/cmt-installation-design-example\/\">&#8211;Ejemplo de dise\u00f1o de instalaci\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/preparing-sand-and-bentonite-cartridges\/\">-Preparaci\u00f3n de cartuchos de arena y bentonita<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/sand-bentonite-cartridge-installation\/\">-Instalaci\u00f3n de cartuchos de arena y bentonita<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/narrow-cut-port-assembly\/\">&#8211;Conjunto de puertos CMT estrechos<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/installing-narrow-cmt-sand-cartridges\/\">&#8211;Instalaci\u00f3n de cartuchos de arena CMT estrechos<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/installing-spring-cartridges\/\">&#8211;Instalaci\u00f3n de cartuchos de muelles CMT estrechos<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/monitoring-options\/\">&#8211;Opciones de monitorizaci\u00f3n del sistema multinivel CMT<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/terms-and-conditions\/\">&#8211;T\u00e9rminos y condiciones<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/table-of-contents\/\">&#8211;\u00cdndice<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/purge-and-grout-adaptor-instructions-109095\/\">-Instrucciones de uso del adaptador de purga\/lechada<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/constructing-dual-cmt-ports\/\">-Construcci\u00f3n de puertos CMT dobles<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/summary-of-drilling-methods-and-techniques\/\">-Resumen de m\u00e9todos y t\u00e9cnicas de perforaci\u00f3n<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-specifications-and-considerations\/\">-Especificaciones y consideraciones del CMT<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-faq\/\">PREGUNTAS FRECUENTES<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/technical-bulletins-and-case-studies\/\">Contratistas CMT formados<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/products\/multilevel-systems-and-remediation\/403-cmt-multilevel-system\/cmt-contractor-form.php\">-Hazte Contratista Formado<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/technical-bulletins-and-case-studies\/\">Boletines t\u00e9cnicos y estudios de casos<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/technical-bulletins-and-case-studies\/high-resolution-vapor-intrusion-monitoring\/\">-CMT para la Vigilancia de Alta Resoluci\u00f3n de la Intrusi\u00f3n de Vapores<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/technical-bulletins-and-case-studies\/sampling-in-multilevels-options-and-helpful-hints\/\">-Muestreo en multiniveles: Opciones y consejos \u00fatiles<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/technical-bulletins-and-case-studies\/cmd-systems-for-the-lust-market\/\">-Sistemas CMT para el mercado LUST<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/technical-bulletins-and-case-studies\/cmt-vapor-monitoring\/\">-CMT Vigilancia de Vapores<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/\">Sistemas multinivel<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/select>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; specialty=\u00bbon\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bb5a5bca26-a9a5-4e6c-8fca-d64da3bdcd40&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_menu menu_id=\u00bb34&#8243; admin_label=\u00bb403 Main Nav\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bb242faa89-ac4f-4e46-90fe-505e8c1eab79&#8243; global_module=\u00bb3814&#8243; saved_tabs=\u00bball\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_menu][et_pb_menu menu_id=\u00bb37&#8243; admin_label=\u00bb403 Related Products\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bb242faa89-ac4f-4e46-90fe-505e8c1eab79&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb|0px||0px|false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb global_module=\u00bb8608&#8243; saved_tabs=\u00bball\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_menu][et_pb_slider disabled_on=\u00bbon|on|off\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb display_conditions=\u00bbW10=\u00bb link_option_url=\u00bbhttps:\/\/downloads.solinst.com\/free-shipping?utm_source=solinst&#038;utm_medium=WC-global-sidebar-position1&#038;utm_campaign=free-shipping\u00bb global_module=\u00bb53188&#8243; saved_tabs=\u00bball\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_slide button_text=\u00bbVentajas del uso de la flauta de agua\u00bb button_link=\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.solinst.com\/es\/productos\/flauta-solinst\/405-flauta-de-agua\/?utm_source=solinst&amp;utm_medium=WC-global-sidebar-position1&amp;utm_campaign=405-water-flute\u00bb use_bg_overlay=\u00bbon\u00bb bg_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(224,97,0,0.58)\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#F07C00&#8243; background_enable_color=\u00bbon\u00bb background_image=\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.solinst.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/405-water-flute-multilevel-groundwater-system-installation.webp\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bbon\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_center\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_bg_color=\u00bb#f58025&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb2px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb20px\u00bb button_font=\u00bb|600|||||||\u00bb background_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_transition=\u00bbon\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Control discreto de la profundidad de las aguas subterr\u00e1neas<\/h2>\n<p><b>Reducir costes y tiempo de campo<\/b><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_slider][et_pb_slider disabled_on=\u00bbon|off|off\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb link_option_url=\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/groundwater-samplers\/410-peristaltic-pumps\/?utm_source=solinst&#038;utm_medium=WC-global-sidebar-position2&#038;utm_campaign=410-101d\u00bb disabled=\u00bbon\u00bb global_module=\u00bb53561&#8243; saved_tabs=\u00bball\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_slide heading=\u00bbBombeo autom\u00e1tico con modo DrawDown\u00bb button_text=\u00bbNueva bomba perist\u00e1ltica Mk5&#8243; button_link=\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.solinst.com\/es\/productos\/muestreadores-de-aguas-subterraneas\/410-bombas-peristalticas\/?utm_source=solinst&amp;utm_medium=WC-global-sidebar-position2&amp;utm_campaign=410-101d\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb background_enable_color=\u00bbon\u00bb background_image=\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.solinst.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/101d-water-level-drawdown-meter-2-965&#215;500-1.webp\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bbon\u00bb background_size=\u00bbcontain\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_bg_color=\u00bb#f58025&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb2px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb20px\u00bb button_font=\u00bb|600|||||||\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_padding=\u00bb1px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb76px||||false|false\u00bb header_text_shadow_style=\u00bbpreset3&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_transition=\u00bbon\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2\/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_slider][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00bb3_4&#8243; specialty_columns=\u00bb3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_row_inner custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bb3676f7e6-7b83-4698-94ce-2cc9fa9ae43d\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb\u00bb sticky_position=\u00bbtop\u00bb sticky_limit_bottom=\u00bbbody\u00bb motion_trigger_start=\u00bbtop\u00bb sticky_position_tablet=\u00bbtop\u00bb sticky_position_phone=\u00bbnone\u00bb sticky_position_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb sticky_offset_top_tablet=\u00bb127px\u00bb sticky_offset_top_phone=\u00bb133px\u00bb sticky_offset_top_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb sticky_offset_surrounding_tablet=\u00bboff\u00bb sticky_offset_surrounding_phone=\u00bboff\u00bb sticky_offset_surrounding_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=\u00bb3_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb sticky_limit_bottom=\u00bbsection\u00bb sticky_position_tablet=\u00bbtop\u00bb sticky_position_phone=\u00bbtop\u00bb sticky_position_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb sticky_offset_top_tablet=\u00bb133px\u00bb sticky_offset_top_phone=\u00bb\u00bb sticky_offset_top_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb sticky_limit_bottom_tablet=\u00bbnone\u00bb sticky_limit_bottom_phone=\u00bbnone\u00bb sticky_limit_bottom_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb sticky_offset_surrounding_tablet=\u00bbon\u00bb sticky_offset_surrounding_phone=\u00bbon\u00bb sticky_offset_surrounding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Preguntas frecuentes sobre CMT<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#general\" title=\"Antecedentes y especificaciones generales del CMT\">Antecedentes y especificaciones generales del CMT<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#applications\" title=\"Aplicaciones del sistema multinivel CMT\">Aplicaciones<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#drilling\" title=\"Perforaci\u00f3n e instalaci\u00f3n de sistemas multinivel CMT\">Perforaci\u00f3n e instalaci\u00f3n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#developing\" title=\"Desarrollo, muestreo y supervisi\u00f3n de sistemas multinivel CMT\">Desarrollo, muestreo, seguimiento<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner module_id=\u00bbgeneral\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bb3676f7e6-7b83-4698-94ce-2cc9fa9ae43d\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=\u00bb3_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbgeneral\u00bb module_id=\u00bbgeneral\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Antecedentes y especificaciones generales del CMT<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_faq dsm_make_accordion_toggle=\u00bbon\u00bb dsm_animate_icon=\u00bbon\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbgeneral faq\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bb77be2b9f-999b-455f-afb8-d94da1ded8dc\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfSe pueden acoplar segmentos del tubo CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>No. El sistema est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para instalarse en una longitud continua, eliminando as\u00ed la posibilidad de fugas en las juntas. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfLos reguladores aceptan los pozos CMT? \u00bfC\u00f3mo convenzo a mi regulador de que el sistema proporciona datos fiables? \u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Por lo que hemos o\u00eddo, \u00a1un rotundo S\u00cd! Sin embargo, el sistema sigue siendo nuevo para mucha gente, incluidos muchos reguladores estatales y locales. Sin embargo, una vez introducidos en el sistema, la mayor\u00eda de los reguladores apoyan incondicionalmente el uso de pozos CMT. Esperan con impaciencia la mejor definici\u00f3n de la pluma que ofrece el control multinivel, especialmente en comparaci\u00f3n con las muestras compuestas de pozos de control cribados desde hace tiempo con las que han tenido que conformarse en el pasado. Una preocupaci\u00f3n com\u00fan expresada por la comunidad reguladora es la integridad de las juntas anulares de los pozos que impiden el movimiento vertical de las aguas subterr\u00e1neas entre las distintas zonas. Esta es una de las principales ventajas del sistema CMT. A diferencia de los pozos anidados, en los que se colocan varias tuber\u00edas de revestimiento en una sola perforaci\u00f3n, con el sistema CMT s\u00f3lo hay una tuber\u00eda de revestimiento -o, para ser m\u00e1s exactos, un tubo- en la perforaci\u00f3n. Esto simplifica la instalaci\u00f3n y mejora la fiabilidad de las juntas anulares instaladas entre las distintas zonas controladas. Otra preocupaci\u00f3n expresada por algunos reguladores es la calidad de las muestras de aguas subterr\u00e1neas recogidas en los pozos CMT. La mejor manera de informar a su regulador de las ventajas de la supervisi\u00f3n multinivel con el sistema CMT es remitirle al documento sobre el sistema CMT publicado recientemente por sus inventores, Murray Einarson y John Cherry. Ese art\u00edculo (Einarson y Cherry, GWMR Fall 2002) puede descargarse de nuestro sitio web.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfExisten efectos qu\u00edmicos o sesgos asociados al tubo de polietileno o a otras partes del sistema CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Existen sesgos qu\u00edmicos asociados a todos los tipos de pozos de control de aguas subterr\u00e1neas y bombas de muestreo. Los sesgos qu\u00edmicos potenciales asociados con el sistema CMT est\u00e1n relacionados con (1) el uso de tubos de polietileno y (2) los dispositivos de muestreo utilizados para recoger muestras de agua. Los contaminantes org\u00e1nicos hidrof\u00f3bicos pueden adsorberse al tubo de polietileno, causando potencialmente un sesgo negativo en el muestreo. En algunas situaciones, esos mismos compuestos pueden difundirse a trav\u00e9s del polietileno, ya sea desde el exterior del pozo o desde canales adyacentes, causando potencialmente un sesgo de muestreo positivo en algunos canales. Los sesgos potenciales con contaminantes hidr\u00f3filos, como el MTBE o la mayor\u00eda de los compuestos inorg\u00e1nicos, son m\u00ednimos. En el art\u00edculo de Einarson y Cherry en el que se describe el sistema CMT, publicado en el n\u00famero de oto\u00f1o de 2002 de la revista Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation, se presenta un an\u00e1lisis exhaustivo de estos posibles sesgos en el muestreo. (V\u00e9ase la secci\u00f3n Papers de este sitio web).      <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 el sistema no est\u00e1 disponible en Teflon\u00ae?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Exploramos la idea de fabricar tubos CMT de tefl\u00f3n, pero la rechazamos por un par de razones. En primer lugar, el tefl\u00f3n es un pol\u00edmero dif\u00edcil de trabajar y no es posible extruir tefl\u00f3n con la forma del sistema CMT actual. En segundo lugar, el tefl\u00f3n es muy caro, lo que multiplicar\u00eda por diez el coste del sistema CMT. Por \u00faltimo, el tefl\u00f3n no es inmune a los sesgos de muestreo; los COV hidr\u00f3fobos pueden difundirse a trav\u00e9s de las paredes de los tubos de tefl\u00f3n del mismo modo que pueden hacerlo a trav\u00e9s de las paredes de los tubos de polietileno.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 se diferencian los pozos CMT de los %22pozos anidados%22?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>En efecto, los pozos CMT son muy diferentes de los %22pozos anidados%22. De hecho, el sistema CMT se dise\u00f1\u00f3 en parte debido a los problemas inherentes a los pozos anidados. Los pozos anidados son pozos de varios niveles que tienen varias tuber\u00edas de revestimiento en una sola perforaci\u00f3n. Ese tipo de construcci\u00f3n de pozos fue popular en los a\u00f1os 70 y principios de los 80. Sin embargo, la US EPA y otros organismos reguladores desaconsejan encarecidamente el uso de pozos anidados debido a los numerosos casos documentados en los que la mala estanqueidad entre las tuber\u00edas de revestimiento provoc\u00f3 la conexi\u00f3n cruzada de las distintas zonas controladas.     La mayor\u00eda de las perforaciones no son perfectamente rectas o aplomadas, y los tubos de revestimiento acaban inevitablemente apoyados unos contra otros en algunas partes de la perforaci\u00f3n. Los gr\u00e1nulos de bentonita y\/o las lechadas de cemento pueden no rellenar completamente los espacios entre las tuber\u00edas de revestimiento, dando lugar a espacios vac\u00edos que permiten la comunicaci\u00f3n cruzada entre las distintas zonas de monitorizaci\u00f3n. En las zonas donde a\u00fan se permiten los pozos anidados, suele exigirse el uso de espaciadores para mantener separadas las distintas tuber\u00edas de revestimiento en el pozo. Tambi\u00e9n suele exigirse que se instalen juntas anulares de 2 pulgadas entre cada una de las tuber\u00edas de revestimiento de los pozos. Este requisito da lugar a perforaciones de 12 pulgadas de di\u00e1metro o m\u00e1s. El mayor coste de los pozos m\u00e1s grandes hace que los pozos anidados resulten r\u00e1pidamente menos atractivos que los grupos de pozos individuales, sobre todo si se tiene en cuenta la incertidumbre de las juntas anulares. Con el sistema CMT, los distintos canales de monitorizaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n dentro de la tuber\u00eda CMT. Por tanto, s\u00f3lo hay un tubo de paredes lisas dentro del pozo. El tubo se centra dentro de la perforaci\u00f3n utilizando los centralizadores de bajo perfil de Solinst, y pueden instalarse juntas anulares de 2 pulgadas de grosor de forma f\u00e1cil y fiable en una \u00fanica perforaci\u00f3n de tan s\u00f3lo 5,6 pulgadas de di\u00e1metro.        <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfCumplen los pozos CMT las normas de construcci\u00f3n de pozos estatales y del condado?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Las normas de construcci\u00f3n de pozos var\u00edan de una regi\u00f3n a otra, pero los pozos CMT deben cumplir plenamente las normas de construcci\u00f3n de pozos en la mayor\u00eda de las zonas. Muchos estados y condados exigen un sellado anular de 5 cm entre el revestimiento del pozo y la pared de la perforaci\u00f3n. Eso se consigue f\u00e1cilmente con los pozos CMT. Dado el di\u00e1metro relativamente peque\u00f1o del sistema (1,6 pulgadas), el requisito de sellado de 2 pulgadas se cumple instalando el sistema en un pozo de 5,6 pulgadas de di\u00e1metro o m\u00e1s. Los centralizadores de perfil bajo garantizan que los pozos CMT queden centrados en la perforaci\u00f3n y que el material de sellado llene uniformemente el espacio que rodea el tubo CMT.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el volumen de purga de los distintos canales CMT por pie de tubo?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Cada uno de los 6 canales exteriores en forma de tarta del tubo CMT contiene 40 ml de fluido por pie lineal de tubo. El canal central contiene aproximadamente 30 ml por pie lineal. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 el Sistema CMT es menos caro que otros sistemas multinivel?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Hay un par de razones para ello. En primer lugar, el tubo est\u00e1 hecho de polietileno de alta densidad (HDPE), que es un material barato que se utiliza habitualmente para el muestreo medioambiental. En segundo lugar, no hay juntas en la tuber\u00eda; \u00e9sta es continua desde la superficie del suelo hasta el fondo del pozo. Las juntas aumentan el coste de los pozos de monitorizaci\u00f3n porque requieren un dise\u00f1o sofisticado y un mecanizado cuidadoso para mantener la resistencia a la tracci\u00f3n y evitar fugas.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfQu\u00e9 documentos u orientaciones se han publicado que describan el Sistema CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Se han publicado varios art\u00edculos que describen el sistema de monitorizaci\u00f3n multinivel CMT y continuamente se publican m\u00e1s. La descripci\u00f3n m\u00e1s completa del sistema CMT figura en un art\u00edculo t\u00e9cnico publicado en el n\u00famero de oto\u00f1o de 2002 de Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson y Cherry, 2002). Ten en cuenta, sin embargo, que se han introducido varias mejoras en el sistema desde que se escribi\u00f3 ese documento. El sistema CMT tambi\u00e9n se describe en el documento de orientaci\u00f3n de 2000 del Instituto Americano del Petr\u00f3leo titulado %22Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates%22. Estos documentos y otros pueden descargarse de la secci\u00f3n Documentos de nuestro sitio web.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfTiene el Sistema Multinivel Waterloo alguna ventaja sobre el Sistema CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>S\u00ed, el <\/span><a href=%22\/?page_id=2640%22 data-uw-rm-brl=%22PR%22 data-uw-original-href=%22https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/es\/productos\/sistemas-multinivel\/sistema-multinivel-401-waterloo\/%22>Sistema Waterloo<\/a><span> es m\u00e1s adecuado para aplicaciones m\u00e1s profundas, aplicaciones que requieran materiales especiales, como acero inoxidable o tefl\u00f3n, y para aplicaciones que requieran bombas y transductores de presi\u00f3n dedicados en hasta 8 zonas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bbNo tengo espacio en mi lugar de trabajo para colocar la tuber\u00eda a fin de marcar e instalar los orificios de admisi\u00f3n y las rejillas del pozo. \u00bfQu\u00e9 otras opciones tengo? \u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>En el caso de tubos largos, por ejemplo, de m\u00e1s de 30 metros, a menudo no resulta pr\u00e1ctico colocar el tubo en el suelo en el lugar de trabajo para marcar e instalar los distintos orificios de entrada y rejillas del pozo. Te recomendamos que marques las ubicaciones de los puertos en el tubo con antelaci\u00f3n y lleves el tubo CMT enrollado a la obra. As\u00ed podr\u00e1s instalar los puertos y rejillas de pozo en los lugares adecuados mientras bajas el tubo CMT por la perforaci\u00f3n. Alternativamente, el Sistema CMT puede construirse en cualquier lugar que disponga de espacio, luego enrollarse y transportarse a la obra.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 el tubo CMT no est\u00e1 disponible en di\u00e1metros mayores?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Exploramos la posibilidad de fabricar el tubo CMT en di\u00e1metros mayores, pero descubrimos que hacerlo ten\u00eda resultados indeseables. En primer lugar, al aumentar el di\u00e1metro del tubo disminu\u00eda su resistencia al colapso. En segundo lugar, el tubo de mayor di\u00e1metro era m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil de enrollar, y no se pod\u00eda enrollar en di\u00e1metros lo bastante peque\u00f1os como para enviarlo con transportistas comunes. En lugar de agrandar el tubo, desarrollamos cintas de medici\u00f3n del nivel de agua y bombas de muestreo que cab\u00edan f\u00e1cilmente por todos los canales del tubo CMT existente. Consulta los medidores de nivel de agua modelo 101M y modelo 102.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la historia del Sistema CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>El sistema CMT fue desarrollado originalmente por Murray Einarson cuando era estudiante de posgrado en la Universidad de Waterloo, en Ontario (Canad\u00e1). Por aquel entonces, Murray era socio de la empresa californiana Precision Sampling, que conserv\u00f3 la propiedad de los derechos de patente del CMT hasta que Precision fue vendida a Conor Pacific Environmental en 1998. En 1999, Murray obtuvo de Conor Pacific la propiedad exclusiva de los derechos de patente y firm\u00f3 un acuerdo con Solinst, por el que se le conced\u00edan los derechos mundiales exclusivos de fabricaci\u00f3n y venta del sistema. Desde entonces, Solinst ha seguido desarrollando el Sistema CMT, dise\u00f1ando juntas mec\u00e1nicas fiables para cada canal, un puerto de punto gu\u00eda para facilitar el acceso al canal central y un conjunto de herramientas especializadas para simplificar el montaje del sistema.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos pozos CMT se han instalado hasta la fecha?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Se han instalado miles de pozos CMT en cuatro continentes de todo el mundo. Se han instalado pozos CMT en la mayor\u00eda de los estados de EEUU y en Canad\u00e1, Reino Unido, Italia, Singapur y Sud\u00e1frica. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][\/dsm_faq][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner module_id=\u00bbgeneral\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bb3676f7e6-7b83-4698-94ce-2cc9fa9ae43d\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=\u00bb3_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbapplications\u00bb module_id=\u00bbapplications\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Aplicaciones<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_faq dsm_make_accordion_toggle=\u00bbon\u00bb dsm_animate_icon=\u00bbon\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbapplications faq\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bb77be2b9f-999b-455f-afb8-d94da1ded8dc\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfPueden utilizarse los pozos CMT para el muestreo de gases del suelo?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>S\u00ed. Disponemos de accesorios especiales para recoger muestras de gas del suelo de todos los canales del tubo CMT. Ponte en contacto con nosotros para obtener m\u00e1s detalles.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de pruebas hidr\u00e1ulicas puedo realizar en pozos CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Los pozos CMT son pozos de observaci\u00f3n multinivel ideales durante las pruebas de bombeo de aguas subterr\u00e1neas. Tambi\u00e9n se han realizado pruebas hidr\u00e1ulicas en los propios pozos. La mayor\u00eda de las pruebas realizadas en pozos CMT hasta la fecha han sido pruebas de babeo, en las que se utiliza aire comprimido para deprimir el nivel del agua en la zona de prueba. El aire comprimido se libera repentinamente, y la recuperaci\u00f3n del intervalo se controla midiendo el aumento del nivel de agua a lo largo del tiempo. Los transductores de di\u00e1metro peque\u00f1o simplifican enormemente el control de la recuperaci\u00f3n del nivel de agua, especialmente en formaciones de grano grueso que se recuperan r\u00e1pidamente. En el sitio web de la Universidad de Kansas encontrar\u00e1s una buena fuente de informaci\u00f3n sobre las pruebas hidr\u00e1ulicas en pozos de peque\u00f1o di\u00e1metro:       <\/span><a href=%22http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu\/%22 data-et-target-link=%22_blank%22 data-uw-rm-brl=%22PR%22 data-uw-original-href=%22http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu\/%22 aria-label=%22http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu - open in a new tab%22 data-uw-rm-ext-link=%22%22 uw-rm-external-link-id=%22http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu\/$http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu%22 rel=%22noopener%22>http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfLas muestras de aguas subterr\u00e1neas recogidas en pozos CMT son tan buenas como las recogidas en pozos de seguimiento convencionales de 2 \u00f3 4 pulgadas?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Las muestras de aguas subterr\u00e1neas de los pozos CMT no s\u00f3lo son tan buenas como las recogidas en los pozos de control tradicionales, sino que suelen ser mejores. Y lo que es m\u00e1s importante, las muestras de los pozos CMT son muestras discretas del acu\u00edfero, no muestras compuestas t\u00edpicas de los pozos de control convencionales con cribado largo. En consecuencia, si la concentraci\u00f3n de un contaminante en una muestra recogida en un canal CMT concreto es baja, puede estar seguro de que la concentraci\u00f3n en el acu\u00edfero a esa profundidad es realmente baja, en lugar de ser baja debido a la diluci\u00f3n, como puede ocurrir en el caso de un pozo de monitorizaci\u00f3n convencional. En la secci\u00f3n de documentos se analizan los sesgos de muestreo asociados a los pozos de seguimiento convencionales y las ventajas t\u00e9cnicas del seguimiento multinivel de las aguas subterr\u00e1neas. Adem\u00e1s, las muestras de agua recogidas en los pozos CMT suelen ser menos turbias que las recogidas en los pozos de control convencionales. El tama\u00f1o de la ranura del filtro y el paquete de arena de un pozo de monitorizaci\u00f3n convencional suelen ser un compromiso debido a la amplia gama de tama\u00f1os de grano presentes en el intervalo apantallado de la mayor\u00eda de los pozos. Los tamices del pozo y el paquete de arena pueden ser demasiado peque\u00f1os para la fracci\u00f3n m\u00e1s gruesa, pero demasiado grandes para las capas de grano fino dentro de la zona tamizada. Esto da lugar a altos niveles de turbidez en las muestras de agua, ya que los sedimentos de grano fino no son filtrados eficazmente por las rejillas del pozo y el paquete de arena. En cambio, los pozos CMT suelen controlar intervalos cortos y discretos de un acu\u00edfero. El filtro del pozo y el paquete de arena de cada zona controlada pueden optimizarse para el tama\u00f1o de grano de los sedimentos de cada intervalo. Cada boca de entrada de un pozo CMT puede tener un tama\u00f1o de filtro de pozo y de paquete de arena diferente en funci\u00f3n de la litolog\u00eda de los materiales del acu\u00edfero en cada zona controlada. Esta flexibilidad en la construcci\u00f3n del pozo optimiza las caracter\u00edsticas de filtraci\u00f3n del pozo CMT, lo que da como resultado muestras de agua claras y sin turbidez. Los pozos CMT presentan otras ventajas con respecto a los pozos de vigilancia convencionales. En primer lugar, el volumen de purga de los pozos CMT es muy peque\u00f1o. Eso significa que hay menos agua contaminada que requiera tratamiento o eliminaci\u00f3n durante el muestreo rutinario. Tomemos el caso de un pozo CMT de 4 zonas que tiene puertos a profundidades de 20, 40, 60 y 80 pies. Suponiendo que el nivel est\u00e1tico del agua est\u00e9 a 3 metros por debajo de la superficie del suelo, el volumen de agua necesario para purgar dos veces el %22volumen de la carcasa%22 de los cuatro canales ser\u00eda de unos 7 litros, \u00a1o menos de 2 galones! En segundo lugar, los pozos CMT detectan los cambios en la presi\u00f3n piezom\u00e9trica con mayor precisi\u00f3n que los pozos de control tradicionales. Los pozos de vigilancia de dos o cuatro pulgadas de di\u00e1metro almacenan mucha agua en comparaci\u00f3n con los canales individuales de un pozo CMT. La gran cantidad de agua almacenada en un pozo de control convencional significa que el pozo tardar\u00e1 en responder a los cambios de presi\u00f3n piezom\u00e9trica en el acu\u00edfero. Esto es especialmente cierto en las formaciones de bajo rendimiento, donde pueden necesitarse semanas e incluso meses para llenar los tubos de los pozos hasta el nivel est\u00e1tico de agua. En cambio, los pocillos CMT responden y se equilibran r\u00e1pidamente debido al bajo volumen de los distintos canales.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 se diferencian los pozos CMT de los %22pozos anidados%22?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>En efecto, los pozos CMT son muy diferentes de los %22pozos anidados%22. De hecho, el sistema CMT se dise\u00f1\u00f3 en parte debido a los problemas inherentes a los pozos anidados. Los pozos anidados son pozos de varios niveles que tienen varias tuber\u00edas de revestimiento en una sola perforaci\u00f3n. Ese tipo de construcci\u00f3n de pozos fue popular en los a\u00f1os 70 y principios de los 80. Sin embargo, la US EPA y otros organismos reguladores desaconsejan encarecidamente el uso de pozos anidados debido a los numerosos casos documentados en los que la mala estanqueidad entre las tuber\u00edas de revestimiento provoc\u00f3 la conexi\u00f3n cruzada de las distintas zonas controladas.    <\/p>\n<p>La mayor\u00eda de las perforaciones no son perfectamente rectas o aplomadas, y los tubos de revestimiento acaban inevitablemente apoyados unos contra otros en algunas partes de la perforaci\u00f3n. Los gr\u00e1nulos de bentonita y\/o las lechadas de cemento pueden no rellenar completamente los espacios entre las tuber\u00edas de revestimiento, dando lugar a espacios vac\u00edos que permiten la comunicaci\u00f3n cruzada entre las distintas zonas de monitorizaci\u00f3n. En las zonas donde a\u00fan se permiten los pozos anidados, suele exigirse el uso de espaciadores para mantener separadas las distintas tuber\u00edas de revestimiento en el pozo. Tambi\u00e9n suele exigirse que se instalen juntas anulares de 2 pulgadas entre cada una de las tuber\u00edas de revestimiento de los pozos. Este requisito da lugar a perforaciones de 12 pulgadas de di\u00e1metro o m\u00e1s. El mayor coste de los pozos m\u00e1s grandes hace que los pozos anidados resulten r\u00e1pidamente menos atractivos que los grupos de pozos individuales, sobre todo si se tiene en cuenta la incertidumbre de las juntas anulares. Con el sistema CMT, los distintos canales de monitorizaci\u00f3n est\u00e1n dentro de la tuber\u00eda CMT. Por tanto, s\u00f3lo hay un tubo de paredes lisas dentro del pozo. El tubo se centra dentro de la perforaci\u00f3n utilizando los centralizadores de bajo perfil de Solinst, y pueden instalarse juntas anulares de 2 pulgadas de grosor de forma f\u00e1cil y fiable en una \u00fanica perforaci\u00f3n de tan s\u00f3lo 5,6 pulgadas de di\u00e1metro.        <\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfCumplen los pozos CMT las normas de construcci\u00f3n de pozos estatales y del condado?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Las normas de construcci\u00f3n de pozos var\u00edan de una regi\u00f3n a otra, pero los pozos CMT deben cumplir plenamente las normas de construcci\u00f3n de pozos en la mayor\u00eda de las zonas. Muchos estados y condados exigen un sellado anular de 5 cm entre el revestimiento del pozo y la pared de la perforaci\u00f3n. Eso se consigue f\u00e1cilmente con los pozos CMT. Dado el di\u00e1metro relativamente peque\u00f1o del sistema (1,6 pulgadas), el requisito de sellado de 2 pulgadas se cumple instalando el sistema en un pozo de 5,6 pulgadas de di\u00e1metro o m\u00e1s. Los centralizadores de perfil bajo garantizan que los pozos CMT queden centrados en la perforaci\u00f3n y que el material de sellado llene uniformemente el espacio que rodea el tubo CMT.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfAceptan los reguladores los pozos CMT? \u00bfC\u00f3mo convenzo a mi regulador de que el Sistema proporciona datos fiables? \u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Seg\u00fan lo que o\u00edmos, \u00a1un rotundo S\u00cd! Sin embargo, el sistema sigue siendo nuevo para mucha gente, incluidos muchos reguladores estatales y locales. Sin embargo, una vez que conocen el sistema, la mayor\u00eda de los reguladores apoyan incondicionalmente el uso de pozos CMT. Esperan con impaciencia la mejor definici\u00f3n de la pluma que ofrece la monitorizaci\u00f3n multinivel, sobre todo en comparaci\u00f3n con las muestras compuestas de pozos de monitorizaci\u00f3n cribados desde hace tiempo con las que han tenido que conformarse en el pasado. Una preocupaci\u00f3n com\u00fan expresada por la comunidad reguladora es la integridad de las juntas anulares del pozo que impiden el movimiento vertical del agua subterr\u00e1nea entre las distintas zonas. \u00c9sta es una de las principales ventajas del sistema CMT. A diferencia de los pozos anidados, en los que se colocan varias tuber\u00edas de revestimiento en una sola perforaci\u00f3n, con el sistema CMT s\u00f3lo hay una tuber\u00eda de revestimiento -o, m\u00e1s exactamente, un tubo- en la perforaci\u00f3n. Esto simplifica la instalaci\u00f3n y mejora la fiabilidad de las juntas anulares instaladas entre las distintas zonas controladas. Otra preocupaci\u00f3n expresada por algunos reguladores es la calidad de las muestras de agua subterr\u00e1nea recogidas en los pozos CMT. Hasta hace poco, la \u00fanica forma de tomar muestras de pozos CMT era con una Bomba Perist\u00e1ltica o una Mini Bomba Inercial. Ahora Solinst tiene una Microbomba de Doble V\u00e1lvula y la integridad de las muestras ya no es un problema. Varios estudios gubernamentales y universitarios demuestran que las bombas neum\u00e1ticas como la Bomba Micro de Doble V\u00e1lvula producen muestras de agua subterr\u00e1nea de muy alta calidad. La mejor manera de informar a tu regulador de las ventajas de la monitorizaci\u00f3n multinivel mediante el Sistema CMT es remitirle al documento sobre el Sistema CMT, recientemente publicado, cuyos autores son sus inventores, Murray Einarson y John Cherry. Ese documento (Einarson y Cherry, GWMR Oto\u00f1o 2002) puede descargarse de nuestro sitio web.             <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfQu\u00e9 documentos u orientaciones se han publicado que describan el Sistema CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Se han publicado varios art\u00edculos que describen el sistema de vigilancia multinivel CMT, y cada vez se publican m\u00e1s. La descripci\u00f3n m\u00e1s completa del sistema CMT figura en un art\u00edculo t\u00e9cnico publicado en el n\u00famero de oto\u00f1o de 2002 de Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson y Cherry, 2002). No obstante, hay que tener en cuenta que desde que se redact\u00f3 ese documento se han introducido varias mejoras en el sistema. El sistema CMT tambi\u00e9n se describe en el documento de orientaci\u00f3n de 2000 del American Petroleum Institute titulado %22Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates%22. Estos y otros documentos pueden descargarse de la secci\u00f3n Documentos de nuestro sitio web.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][\/dsm_faq][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbdrilling\u00bb module_id=\u00bbdrilling\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Perforaci\u00f3n e instalaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_faq dsm_make_accordion_toggle=\u00bbon\u00bb dsm_animate_icon=\u00bbon\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbdrilling faq\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bb77be2b9f-999b-455f-afb8-d94da1ded8dc\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la profundidad m\u00e1xima a la que se pueden instalar pozos CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Se han instalado pozos CMT hasta una profundidad m\u00e1xima de 260 pies. Las longitudes de las bobinas en stock son de 100, 200 y 300 pies. Bajo pedido especial, hay disponibles bobinas de 400 pies.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfSe pueden acoplar segmentos del tubo CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>No. El sistema est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para instalarse en una longitud continua, eliminando as\u00ed la posibilidad de fugas en las juntas. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfQu\u00e9 pasa si no quiero controlar siete zonas? \u00bfTengo que utilizar todos los canales? \u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>No. Puedes utilizar tantos o tan pocos como quieras. Los canales no utilizados no afectan al resto del Sistema CMT. Algunas personas utilizan dos canales para controlar una sola zona. Dedican uno de los canales a una Microbomba de Doble V\u00e1lvula y utilizan el otro canal para medir los niveles de agua. Sin embargo, si utilizas dos canales para controlar una sola zona, reducir\u00e1s en un 50% el n\u00famero de zonas discretas que puedes controlar.     <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfQu\u00e9 documentos u orientaciones se han publicado que describan el Sistema CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Se han publicado varios art\u00edculos que describen el sistema de monitorizaci\u00f3n multinivel CMT y continuamente se publican m\u00e1s. La descripci\u00f3n m\u00e1s completa del sistema CMT figura en un art\u00edculo t\u00e9cnico publicado en el n\u00famero de oto\u00f1o de 2002 de Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson y Cherry, 2002). Ten en cuenta, sin embargo, que se han introducido varias mejoras en el sistema desde que se escribi\u00f3 ese art\u00edculo. El sistema CMT tambi\u00e9n se describe en el documento de orientaci\u00f3n de 2000 del Instituto Americano del Petr\u00f3leo titulado %22Estrategias para la caracterizaci\u00f3n de emplazamientos con vertidos de MTBE y otros oxigenados del combustible%22.     <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfExiste un di\u00e1metro m\u00ednimo de perforaci\u00f3n que deba utilizarse para los pozos CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Para las instalaciones en las que la arena y los gr\u00e1nulos de bentonita se vierten en el espacio anular del pozo desde la superficie del suelo, recomendamos utilizar centralizadores CMT y un di\u00e1metro de pozo de al menos 5 pulgadas. Eso proporciona al instalador del pozo un espacio amplio para evitar que se formen puentes entre la arena y la bentonita, y permite un acceso f\u00e1cil para el Solinst Tag Line. Los empaquetadores hinchables Solinst de doble efecto est\u00e1n disponibles, por encargo especial, para sellar pozos de 3%22, 3,7%22 y 4%22. Los pozos CMT de siete canales pueden instalarse a trav\u00e9s de tuber\u00edas de revestimiento de empuje directo con un di\u00e1metro interior (DI) de 2 pulgadas o superior. Estas instalaciones dependen de que la formaci\u00f3n se colapse alrededor de la tuber\u00eda CMT.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfQu\u00e9 m\u00e9todos de perforaci\u00f3n se pueden utilizar para instalar pozos CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Los pozos CMT se han instalado en perforaciones creadas con casi todos los tipos de equipos de perforaci\u00f3n. Puedes encontrar un resumen de M\u00e9todos y T\u00e9cnicas de Perforaci\u00f3n para instalar pozos CMT en Acu\u00edferos No Consolidados en la secci\u00f3n Documentos e Informaci\u00f3n del sitio web de Solinst. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfC\u00f3mo encuentro un contratista de perforaci\u00f3n que tenga experiencia en la instalaci\u00f3n de pozos CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>En nuestro sitio web hay un listado de contratistas de perforaci\u00f3n con experiencia en la instalaci\u00f3n de pozos CMT. Si tienes un contratista con el que te gustar\u00eda trabajar pero que a\u00fan no ha instalado un pozo CMT, p\u00eddele que se ponga en contacto con Solinst para explicarle las distintas opciones de instalaci\u00f3n de pozos CMT con distintos tipos de equipos de perforaci\u00f3n. Estaremos encantados de ayudarte a ti y\/o a tu contratista para asegurarnos de que tus pozos CMT se instalan con \u00e9xito. Disponemos de asistencia telef\u00f3nica gratuita. La formaci\u00f3n in situ para ti y\/o tu contratista est\u00e1 disponible por una peque\u00f1a tarifa adicional necesaria para cubrir nuestro tiempo y gastos de desplazamiento.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bbHe visto fotos del Sistema CMT instalado con packers de bentonita. \u00bfEst\u00e1n disponibles en Solinst? \u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Durante el desarrollo y las pruebas iniciales del sistema CMT se utilizaron prototipos de obturadores de bentonita. Esos sellos de bentonita, que se describen en el documento de Einarson y Cherry de 2002, resultaron ser demasiado dif\u00edciles y lentos de construir sobre el terreno. Por lo tanto, recomendamos que todos los materiales anulares, incluidos el relleno de arena y los sellos de bentonita, se viertan desde la superficie junto con los centralizadores del sistema CMT.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bbHe o\u00eddo que existen packers hinchables que permiten instalaciones temporales o permanentes en acu\u00edferos de lecho rocoso. \u00bfC\u00f3mo funcionan? \u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Hemos desarrollado obturadores hinchables de doble efecto que se utilizan para sellar el espacio anular entre el tubo CMT y la pared del pozo en instalaciones de lecho rocoso. Son de %22doble acci\u00f3n%22 en el sentido de que el interior de los obturadores se expande junto con el exterior de los mismos. Aplicando un peque\u00f1o vac\u00edo a los obturadores, el interior se expande ligeramente. Los obturadores se deslizan f\u00e1cilmente sobre el tubo CMT y pueden colocarse donde sea necesario. Cuando se libera el vac\u00edo, el prensaestopas interior se retrae, fijando los packers al tubo CMT. Se fijan abrazaderas a los obturadores para garantizar que no se muevan al introducir el pozo en la perforaci\u00f3n. Un tubo de inflado se conecta a cada uno de los obturadores y se extiende hasta la superficie del suelo. Cuando el pozo CMT est\u00e1 completamente introducido, los obturadores se inflan con aire, nitr\u00f3geno o agua. El inflado de los obturadores sella tanto el anillo del pozo como el espacio entre el tubo CMT y los obturadores. Una ventaja de este sistema es que los obturadores se pueden desinflar y el sistema se puede retirar cuando ya no se necesite la monitorizaci\u00f3n.         <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfPuedo instalar pozos CMT con equipos de empuje directo?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>S\u00ed. Muchos contratistas de DP est\u00e1n instalando pozos CMT de 7 canales. Los pozos suelen instalarse dentro de varillas de sonda equipadas con puntas de accionamiento desechables. Una vez que las varillas de sonda han avanzado hasta la profundidad deseada, se inserta la tuber\u00eda CMT. A continuaci\u00f3n, se retraen las varillas de sonda, dejando el pozo CMT en el suelo. La mayor\u00eda de estas instalaciones se han realizado en formaciones arenosas en las que el suelo se hunde alrededor del tubo CMT cuando se retraen las varillas de la sonda. Las instalaciones en formaciones que no se hunden son m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles, sobre todo con varillas de sonda de di\u00e1metro peque\u00f1o. El peque\u00f1o di\u00e1metro interior de las varillas de sonda deja poco espacio para verter materiales anulares (es decir, arena y gr\u00e1nulos de bentonita) desde la superficie del suelo.       <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la mejor manera de instalar paquetes de arena y juntas anulares entre las distintas zonas controladas?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>La mejor forma de instalar el paquete de arena y las juntas anulares es verti\u00e9ndolos en el espacio anular del pozo desde la superficie o utilizando un tubo tremie. Cuando instales pozos CMT de 7 Canales de esta forma, te sugerimos que tengas una perforaci\u00f3n de no menos de 5 pulgadas de di\u00e1metro. Una perforaci\u00f3n de 5 pulgadas de di\u00e1metro o m\u00e1s deja espacio suficiente para que la arena y los gr\u00e1nulos de bentonita caigan al fondo de la perforaci\u00f3n sin formar puentes. Adem\u00e1s, aseg\u00farate de utilizar los centralizadores de bajo perfil de Solinst para mantener la tuber\u00eda CMT centrada en la perforaci\u00f3n. Estos centralizadores se han dise\u00f1ado para minimizar la probabilidad de que se formen puentes en los materiales anulares al construir el pozo. Adem\u00e1s, es posible que quieras utilizar una placa de anclaje para evitar que la CMT se eleve en el pozo, sobre todo cuando la tuber\u00eda de revestimiento (si se utiliza) se retira gradualmente del pozo. La Placa de Anclaje se atornilla directamente al Puerto del Punto de Gu\u00eda. Cuando hayas introducido el pozo CMT hasta el fondo de la perforaci\u00f3n, coloca un paquete de arena en la zona de monitorizaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s profunda vertiendo arena en el espacio anular hasta que llegue al nivel especificado en el diagrama de dise\u00f1o de construcci\u00f3n del pozo. Aseg\u00farate de medir con frecuencia la profundidad del paquete de arena con el Tag Line Modelo 103 de Solinst mientras viertes la arena. As\u00ed te aseguras de no llevar el paquete de arena demasiado arriba en el pozo. Una vez que el paquete de arena est\u00e9 por encima del puerto de monitorizaci\u00f3n del fondo, vierte bolitas de bentonita para sellar la zona de monitorizaci\u00f3n del fondo y la suprayacente. Los contratistas han obtenido buenos resultados utilizando bolitas de bentonita recubiertas para los sellos anulares. Vierte los gr\u00e1nulos lentamente y mide con frecuencia la profundidad del sellado con la l\u00ednea de marca para evitar a\u00f1adir demasiada bentonita. Contin\u00faa a\u00f1adiendo capas alternas de relleno de arena y sellos de bentonita como se ha descrito anteriormente, hasta los niveles especificados en el diagrama de dise\u00f1o de construcci\u00f3n de tu pozo. Encontrar\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n adicional sobre la construcci\u00f3n de pozos CMT en nuestro Manual de instalaci\u00f3n del CMT Modelo 403 (disponible en nuestro sitio web).              <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bbNo tengo espacio en mi lugar de trabajo para colocar la tuber\u00eda a fin de marcar e instalar los orificios de admisi\u00f3n y las rejillas del pozo. \u00bfQu\u00e9 otras opciones tengo? \u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>En el caso de tubos largos, por ejemplo, de m\u00e1s de 30 metros, a menudo no resulta pr\u00e1ctico colocar el tubo en el suelo en el lugar de trabajo para marcar e instalar los distintos orificios de entrada y rejillas del pozo. Te recomendamos que marques las ubicaciones de los puertos en el tubo con antelaci\u00f3n y lleves el tubo CMT enrollado a la obra. As\u00ed podr\u00e1s instalar los puertos y rejillas de pozo en los lugares adecuados mientras bajas el tubo CMT por la perforaci\u00f3n. Alternativamente, el Sistema CMT puede construirse en cualquier lugar que disponga de espacio, luego enrollarse y transportarse a la obra.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfC\u00f3mo se desmantelan los pozos CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Los pozos CMT pueden inyectarse a presi\u00f3n utilizando una lechada de bentonita o cemento. El fluido inyectado llenar\u00e1 cada canal CMT y el paquete de arena adyacente a cada boca de entrada. Los pozos CMT tambi\u00e9n pueden sobreperforarse si es necesario.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][\/dsm_faq][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbdeveloping\u00bb module_id=\u00bbdeveloping\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Desarrollo, muestreo, seguimiento<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_faq dsm_make_accordion_toggle=\u00bbon\u00bb dsm_animate_icon=\u00bbon\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbdeveloping faq\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bb77be2b9f-999b-455f-afb8-d94da1ded8dc\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el volumen de purga de los distintos canales CMT por pie de tubo?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Los 6 canales exteriores en forma de tarta del tubo CMT contienen cada uno unos 40 ml de fluido por pie lineal de tubo. El canal central contiene aproximadamente 30 ml por pie lineal. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfQu\u00e9 pasa si no quiero controlar siete zonas? \u00bfTengo que utilizar todos los canales? \u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>No. Puedes utilizar tantos o tan pocos como quieras. Los canales no utilizados no afectan al resto del Sistema CMT. Algunas personas utilizan dos canales para controlar una sola zona. Dedican uno de los canales a una Microbomba de Doble V\u00e1lvula y utilizan el otro canal para medir los niveles de agua. Sin embargo, si utilizas dos canales para controlar una sola zona, reducir\u00e1s en un 50% el n\u00famero de zonas discretas que puedes controlar.     <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfC\u00f3mo se miden los niveles de agua dentro de los pozos CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Los niveles de agua pueden medirse con las cintas de nivel de agua de peque\u00f1o di\u00e1metro Modelo 101 o Modelo 102 de Solinst. Si se desea un registro continuo de los niveles de agua, puedes instalar los transductores Druck Modelo PDCR 35\/D de Solinst. Los transductores pueden conectarse a un registrador de datos de boca de pozo o a una unidad de telemetr\u00eda para su lectura remota desde un centro de recogida de datos central. Estos transductores s\u00f3lo encajar\u00e1n dentro de los canales exteriores y no en el canal central, m\u00e1s estrecho.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfCu\u00e1les son las mejores formas de purgar y muestrear los pocillos CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>B\u00e1sicamente tienes 3 opciones para purgar y tomar muestras en aplicaciones de di\u00e1metro estrecho. La Bomba Perist\u00e1ltica Modelo 410 puede utilizarse cuando la altura de aspiraci\u00f3n es inferior a 7,5 m (25 pies). Tambi\u00e9n puede utilizarse la Mini Bomba Inercial (MIP) de Solinst. La MIP utiliza un tubo ascendente de 6 mm (1\/4 pulg.) de di\u00e1metro equipado con una v\u00e1lvula de pie %22push-in%22. La repetici\u00f3n de movimientos ascendentes y descendentes lleva la muestra a la superficie desde profundidades de hasta 46 m (150 pies). La purga y el muestreo tambi\u00e9n pueden realizarse con la bomba de microv\u00e1lvula doble modelo 408M, que es ideal para el muestreo de bajo caudal. La 408M est\u00e1 fabricada con tubo coaxial flexible de 3\/8%22 (10 mm) de di\u00e1metro, disponible en LDPE para su uso hasta 15 m (50 pies) o en tefl\u00f3n para su uso hasta 46 m (150 pies) La 408M utiliza un gas impulsor que se suministra a trav\u00e9s de un controlador.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfExisten efectos qu\u00edmicos de los sesgos asociados al tubo de polietileno o a otras partes del sistema CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Hay sesgos qu\u00edmicos asociados a todos los tipos de pozos de control de aguas subterr\u00e1neas y bombas de muestreo. Los posibles sesgos qu\u00edmicos asociados al sistema CMT est\u00e1n relacionados con (1) el uso de tubos de polietileno y (2) los dispositivos de muestreo utilizados para recoger muestras de agua. Los contaminantes org\u00e1nicos hidr\u00f3fobos pueden adsorberse al tubo de polietileno, causando potencialmente un sesgo negativo en el muestreo. En algunas situaciones, esos mismos compuestos pueden difundirse a trav\u00e9s del polietileno, ya sea desde el exterior del pozo o desde canales adyacentes, causando potencialmente un sesgo de muestreo positivo en algunos canales. El sesgo potencial con contaminantes hidr\u00f3filos, como el MTBE o la mayor\u00eda de los compuestos inorg\u00e1nicos, es m\u00ednimo. En el art\u00edculo de Einarson y Cherry en el que se describe el sistema CMT, publicado en el n\u00famero de oto\u00f1o de 2002 de Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation, se presenta un an\u00e1lisis exhaustivo de estos posibles sesgos de muestreo.       <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfLas muestras de aguas subterr\u00e1neas recogidas en pozos CMT son tan buenas como las recogidas en pozos de seguimiento convencionales de 2 \u00f3 4 pulgadas?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Las muestras de agua subterr\u00e1nea de los pozos CMT no s\u00f3lo son tan buenas como las recogidas en los pozos de monitorizaci\u00f3n tradicionales, \u00a1sino que suelen ser mejores! Y lo que es m\u00e1s importante, las muestras de los pozos CMT son muestras discretas del acu\u00edfero, no muestras compuestas t\u00edpicas de los pozos de monitorizaci\u00f3n convencionales cribados a largo plazo. Por consiguiente, si la concentraci\u00f3n de un contaminante en una muestra recogida en un canal CMT concreto es baja, puedes estar seguro de que la concentraci\u00f3n en el acu\u00edfero a esa profundidad es realmente baja, en lugar de ser baja debido a la diluci\u00f3n, como puede ocurrir con un pozo de monitorizaci\u00f3n convencional. En nuestra Secci\u00f3n de Documentos se presenta un debate adicional sobre los sesgos de muestreo asociados a los pozos de seguimiento convencionales y las ventajas t\u00e9cnicas del seguimiento multinivel de las aguas subterr\u00e1neas. Adem\u00e1s, las muestras de agua recogidas en pozos CMT suelen ser menos turbias que las recogidas en pozos de monitorizaci\u00f3n convencionales. El tama\u00f1o de la ranura de la pantalla y el paquete de arena de un pozo de monitorizaci\u00f3n convencional suelen ser un compromiso debido a la amplia gama de tama\u00f1os de grano presentes en el intervalo apantallado de la mayor\u00eda de los pozos. Las rejillas del pozo y el paquete de arena pueden ser demasiado peque\u00f1os para la fracci\u00f3n m\u00e1s gruesa, pero demasiado grandes para las capas de grano fino dentro de la zona apantallada. Esto provoca altos niveles de turbidez en las muestras de agua, ya que los sedimentos de grano fino no son filtrados eficazmente por los filtros de pozo y el paquete de arena. En cambio, los pozos CMT suelen controlar intervalos cortos y discretos de un acu\u00edfero. El filtro del pozo y el paquete de arena de cada zona controlada pueden optimizarse para el tama\u00f1o de grano de los sedimentos de cada intervalo. Cada boca de entrada de un pozo CMT puede tener un tama\u00f1o de filtro de pozo y de paquete de arena diferente, seg\u00fan la litolog\u00eda de los materiales del acu\u00edfero en cada zona controlada. Esta flexibilidad en la construcci\u00f3n del pozo optimiza las caracter\u00edsticas de filtraci\u00f3n del pozo CMT, con lo que se obtienen muestras de agua claras y sin turbidez. Los pozos CMT tienen otras ventajas sobre los pozos de monitorizaci\u00f3n convencionales. En primer lugar, el volumen de purga de los pozos CMT es muy peque\u00f1o. Eso significa que hay menos agua contaminada que requiera tratamiento o eliminaci\u00f3n durante el muestreo rutinario. Tomemos el caso de un pozo CMT de 4 zonas que tiene orificios a profundidades de 20, 40, 60 y 80 pies. Suponiendo que el nivel est\u00e1tico del agua est\u00e9 a 3 metros por debajo de la superficie del suelo, el volumen de agua necesario para purgar dos veces el %22volumen de revestimiento%22 de los cuatro canales ser\u00eda de unos 13 litros, \u00a1o menos de 3,5 galones! En segundo lugar, los pozos CMT detectan los cambios de presi\u00f3n piezom\u00e9trica con m\u00e1s precisi\u00f3n que los pozos de monitorizaci\u00f3n tradicionales. Los pozos de monitorizaci\u00f3n de dos o cuatro pulgadas de di\u00e1metro almacenan mucha agua en comparaci\u00f3n con los canales individuales de un pozo CMT. La gran cantidad de agua almacenada en un pozo de monitorizaci\u00f3n convencional significa que el pozo tardar\u00e1 en responder a los cambios de presi\u00f3n piezom\u00e9trica en el acu\u00edfero. Esto es especialmente cierto en formaciones de bajo rendimiento, en las que pueden necesitarse semanas e incluso meses para recargar los revestimientos del pozo hasta el nivel est\u00e1tico del agua. Los pozos CMT, en cambio, responden y se equilibran r\u00e1pidamente debido al escaso volumen de los distintos canales.                     <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bbTengo condiciones artesianas fluyentes en mi emplazamiento. \u00bfExiste alguna forma de taponar los orificios y tomar muestras en la boca del pozo? \u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>S\u00ed. Existen tapones de expansi\u00f3n especiales para sellar los distintos canales en la boca del pozo. Los tapones tienen v\u00e1lvulas opcionales que te permiten recoger muestras de agua subterr\u00e1nea simplemente abriendo las v\u00e1lvulas. Tambi\u00e9n se pueden acoplar man\u00f3metros a los tapones en la boca del pozo para medir las presiones piezom\u00e9tricas en cada zona monitorizada.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=\u00bb\u00bfC\u00f3mo se desarrollan los pozos CMT?\u00bb dsm_content=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span>Hemos tenido buen \u00e9xito purgando los pozos con bombas perist\u00e1lticas y minibombas de inercia. Por supuesto, no puedes desarrollar los pozos CMT como lo har\u00edas con un pozo de abastecimiento de agua, pero ese tipo de desarrollo riguroso no es necesario con los pozos de monitorizaci\u00f3n de peque\u00f1o di\u00e1metro. El objetivo del desarrollo de pozos CMT, que suele lograrse f\u00e1cilmente, es establecer una conexi\u00f3n hidr\u00e1ulica con la formaci\u00f3n. El pozo no ser\u00e1 eficaz al 100%, pero los valores de carga hidr\u00e1ulica medidos en el pozo ser\u00e1n precisos, y el pozo producir\u00e1 agua m\u00e1s que suficiente para tomar muestras (suponiendo que la formaci\u00f3n sea razonablemente permeable). Si has a\u00f1adido agua al perforar el pozo o al construirlo, la mejor forma de solucionarlo es simplemente esperar varios d\u00edas a que el agua que has a\u00f1adido %22derive%22 gradiente abajo. En lugares con velocidades t\u00edpicas de las aguas subterr\u00e1neas (de 0,5 a 2 pies por d\u00eda), el agua a\u00f1adida durante la perforaci\u00f3n y\/o la construcci\u00f3n del pozo se habr\u00e1 alejado de los puertos de entrada del CMT en varios d\u00edas. Si el agua a\u00f1adida durante la perforaci\u00f3n tiene una conductividad el\u00e9ctrica (CE) diferente a la del agua de formaci\u00f3n, puedes controlar la CE en el agua bombeada del pozo para confirmar que el agua de perforaci\u00f3n ha desaparecido. Algunos consultores han a\u00f1adido bromuro pot\u00e1sico (un trazador inerte utilizado habitualmente en la investigaci\u00f3n de aguas subterr\u00e1neas) como trazador al agua de perforaci\u00f3n\/construcci\u00f3n y luego han controlado el agua de purga en el pozo CMT con un electrodo espec\u00edfico de bromuro para verificar que el agua de perforaci\u00f3n ya no se encuentra en las proximidades del pozo CMT antes de recoger las muestras. Ponte en contacto con nosotros para m\u00e1s detalles.        <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb parentOrderClass=\u00bbdsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][\/dsm_faq][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span>\u00ae Solinst y CMT son marcas registradas de Solinst Canada Ltd.<\/span><br role=\"presentation\" data-uw-rm-sr=\"\"><span>*Patentes n\u00ba 6.865.933 B1, n\u00ba 6.758.274 B2, n\u00ba 2.260.587, n\u00ba 6.581.682, n\u00ba 2.347.702 y n\u00ba 2.381.807<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=\u00bb3_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbFragmento de FAQ de Schema.org\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]<script type=\"application\/ld+json\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  \"mainEntity\": [{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Can segments of the CMT tubing be coupled together?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"No. The system is designed to be installed in one continuous length, thus eliminating the possibility of leakage at joints.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Are CMT wells accepted by regulators? How do I convince my regulator that the system yields reliable data?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Based on what we hear, an emphatic YES! However, the system is still new to many people, including many State and local regulators. Once they are introduced to the system, though, most regulators whole-heartedly support the use of CMT wells. They look forward to the better plume definition afforded with multi-level monitoring, especially compared to the composite samples from long-screened monitoring wells that they have had to settle for in the past. A common concern expressed by the regulatory community is the integrity of the borehole annular seals that prevent vertical movement of groundwater between different zones. This is one of the key advantages of the CMT System. Unlike nested wells where several casings are placed in a single borehole, there is only one casing \u2013 or more accurately, one tube \u2013 in the borehole with the CMT System. This simplifies the installation and improves the reliability of annular seals installed between the various monitored zones. Another concern expressed by some regulators is the quality of the groundwater samples collected from CMT wells. The best way to inform your regulator of the advantages of multilevel monitoring using the CMT System is to direct them to the recently published paper on the CMT System authored by its inventors, Murray Einarson and John Cherry. That paper (Einarson and Cherry, GWMR Fall 2002) can be downloaded from our website.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Are there any chemical affects or biases associated with the polyethylene tubing or other parts of the CMT system?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Here are chemical biases associated with all types of groundwater monitoring wells and sampling pumps. Potential chemical biases associated with the CMT system relate to (1) the use of polyethylene tubing and (2) the sampling devices used to collect water samples. Hydrophobic organic contaminants can sorb to the polyethylene tubing, potentially causing a negative sampling bias. In some situations, those same compounds can diffuse through the polyethylene, either from outside of the well or from adjacent channels, potentially causing a positive sampling bias in some channels. Potential biases with hydrophyllic contaminants, e.g. MTBE or most inorganic compounds is minimal. A thorough discussion of these potential sampling biases is presented in the Einarson and Cherry Paper describing the CMT system that was published in the Fall 2002 issue of Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation. (See the Papers Section of this web site.)\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Why is the system not available in Teflon\u00ae?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"We explored the idea of making CMT tubing out of Teflon but rejected it for a couple of reasons. First, Teflon is a difficult polymer to work with and it is not possible to extrude Teflon in the shape of the current CMT system. Second, Teflon is very expensive, which would drive the cost of the CMT system up by as much as ten-fold. Finally, Teflon isn't immune to sampling biases; hydrophobic VOCs can diffuse through the walls of Teflon tubing just as they can through the walls of polyethylene tubing.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"How are CMT wells diffferent than \\\"nested wells\\\"?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"CMT wells are indeed very different than \\\"nested wells\\\". In fact, the CMT System was designed in part because of the problems inherent with nested wells. Nested wells are multilevel wells that have multiple casings in a single borehole. That type of well construction was popular in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, the use of nested wells is strongly discouraged by US EPA and other regulatory agencies because of the many documented cases where poor seals between the casings led to cross-connection of the various monitored zones. Most boreholes are not perfectly straight or plumb, and the casings inevitably end up lying against each other in some portions of the borehole. Bentonite pellets and\/or cement grouts may not completely fill in the spaces between the casings, resulting in void spaces that allow cross-communication between the different monitoring zones. In areas where nested wells are still allowed, there are usually requirements that spacers be used to keep the various casings apart in the borehole. There is usually also a requirement that 2-inch annular seals be installed between each of the individual well casings. This requirement results in boreholes that must be 12 inches in diameter or larger. The increased cost of the larger boreholes quickly makes nested wells less attractive than clusters of individual wells, especially when the uncertainty of the annular seals is factored in. With the CMT System, the various monitoring channels are inside the CMT tubing. Thus, there is only one, smooth-walled tube within the borehole. The tubing is centered inside the borehole using Solinst's low-profile centralizers, and 2-inch-thick annular seals can be installed easily and reliably in a single borehole as small as 5.6 inches in diameter.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Do CMT wells comply with state and county well construction standards?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Well construction standards vary from region to region, but CMT wells should be in full compliance with well construction standards in most areas. Many states and counties require a 2 inch annular seal between the well casing and borehole wall. That is easily achieved with CMT wells. Given the relatively small diameter of the system (1.6 inches), the requirement for a 2 inch seal is met by installing the system in a borehole that is 5.6 inches in diameter or larger. Low-profile centralizers ensure that CMT wells are centered in the borehole and that the sealing material fills the space surrounding the CMT tubing evenly.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What is the purge volume of the various CMT channels per foot of tubing?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"The outer 6 pie-shaped channels of the CMT tubing each hold 40 ml of fluid per linear foot of tubing. The central channel holds approximately 30 ml per linear foot.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Why is the CMT System less expensive than other multilevel systems?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"There are a couple of reasons for this. First, the tubing is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which is an inexpensive material that is commonly used for environmental sampling. Second, there are no joints in the tubing; the tubing is continuous from the ground surface to the bottom of the borehole. Joints increase the cost of monitoring wells because they require sophisticated design and careful machining to maintain tensile strength and prevent leakage.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What papers or guidance documents have been published that describe the CMT System?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Several papers describing the CMT multilevel monitoring system have been published and more are being published all the time. The most complete description of the CMT System is contained in a technical paper published in the Fall 2002 issue of Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson and Cherry, 2002). Note, however, that several improvements to the system have been made since that paper was written. The CMT System is also described in the American Petroleum Institute's 2000 guidance document titled \\\"Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates\\\". These documents and others can be downloaded from the Papers section of our website.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Does the Waterloo Multilevel System have any advantages over the CMT System?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Yes, the Waterloo System is more suitable for deeper applications, applications that require special materials, such as stainless steel or Teflon and for applications which require dedicated pumps and pressure transducers in up to 8 zones.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"I don't have room at my job site to lay out the tubing in order to mark and install the intake ports and well screens. What other options do I have?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"For long lengths of tubing, e.g. greater than 100 feet, it is often impractical to lay the tubing on the ground at the job site in order to mark and install the various intake ports and well screens. We recommend that you mark the locations of the ports on the tubing ahead of time and bring the coiled CMT tubing to the jobsite. You can then install the ports and well screens at the proper locations as you are lowering the CMT tubing into the borehole. Alternatively, the CMT System can be built anywhere that room is available, then coiled and transported to the site.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Why is the CMT tubing not available in larger diameters?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"We explored making the CMT tubing in larger diameters, but found that doing so had undesirable results. First, increasing the diameter of the tubing resulted in a decrease in the collapse strength of the tubing. Second, the larger-diameter tubing was more difficult to coil, and could not be coiled in diameters small enough to ship with common carriers. Rather than make the tubing larger, we developed water level measuring tapes and sampling pumps that would easily fit down all of the channels of the existing CMT tubing. See Model 101M and Model 102 Water Level Meters.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What is the history of the CMT System?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"The CMT system was originally developed by Murray Einarson while he was a graduate student at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. At the time Murray was a partner in the California-based company, Precision Sampling, which retained ownership of the CMT patent rights until Precision was sold to Conor Pacific Environmental in 1998. In 1999, Murray obtained sole ownership of the patent rights from Conor Pacific and signed an agreement with Solinst, giving them exclusive world-wide rights to manufacture and sell the system. Since that time, Solinst has further developed the CMT System, designing reliable mechanical seals for each channel, a guide point port to allow easy access to the central channel, and a set of specialized tools to simplify system assembly.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"How many CMT wells have been installed to date?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Thousands of CMT wells have been installed on four continents around the world. CMT wells have been installed in most states in the US and in Canada, the UK, Italy, Singapore, and South Africa.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Can CMT wells be used for soil gas sampling?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Yes. Special fittings are available to collect soil gas samples from all channels of the CMT tubing. Contact us for details.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What kind of hydraulic tests can I perform in CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"CMT wells make ideal multilevel observation wells during groundwater pumping tests. Hydraulic tests have also been performed in the wells themselves. Most tests performed in CMT wells performed to date have been slug tests where compressed air is used to depress the water level in the test zone. The compressed air is suddenly released, and the recovery of the interval is monitored by measuring the rising water level over time. Small diameter transducers greatly simplify monitoring of the water level recovery, especially in coarse-grained formations that recover quickly. A good source of information pertaining to hydraulic testing in small-diameter wells can be found at the University of Kansas website: http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Are groundwater samples collected from CMT wells as good as samples collected from 2-inch or 4-inch conventional monitoring wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Groundwater samples from CMT wells are not only as good as samples collected from traditional monitoring wells, they are usually better! Most importantly, samples from CMT wells are discrete samples from the aquifer, not composite samples typical of long-screened conventional monitoring wells. Consequently, if the concentration of a contaminant in a sample collected from a particular CMT channel is low, you can be confident that the concentration in the aquifer at that depth is indeed low, rather than being low because of dilution as may be the case with a conventional monitoring well. Additional discussion of the sampling biases associated with conventional monitoring wells and the technical advantages of multilevel groundwater monitoring is presented in our Papers Section. In addition, water samples collected from CMT wells are often less turbid than samples collected from conventional monitoring wells. The screen slot size and sand pack of a conventional monitoring well is often a compromise owing to the wide range of grain sizes present within the screened interval of most wells. The well screens and sand pack may be too small for the coarser fraction, but too large for the fine-grained layers within the screened zone. This leads to high levels of turbidity in the water samples since the fine-grained sediments are not effectively filtered by the well screens and sand pack. CMT wells, on the other hand, typically monitor short, discrete intervals in an aquifer. The well screen and sand pack in each monitored zone can be optimized for the grain size of the sediments within each interval. Each intake port in a CMT well can have a different well screen and sand pack size depending on the lithology of the aquifer materials in each monitored zone. This flexibility in well construction optimizes the filtration characteristics of the CMT well, resulting in clear, turbidity-free water samples. CMT wells have other advantages over conventional monitoring wells. First, the purge volume of CMT wells is very small. That means that there is less contaminated water requiring treatment or disposal during routine sampling. Take the case of a 4-zone CMT well that has ports at depths of 20, 40, 60, and 80 feet. Assuming that the static water level is 10 feet below the ground surface, the volume of water required to purge two times the \\\"casing volume\\\" of the four channels would be about 7 liters or less than 2 gallons! Second, CMT wells detect changes in piezometric pressure more accurately than traditional monitoring wells. Two- or 4-inch-diameter monitoring wells store a lot of water compared to the individual channels in a CMT well. The large amount of water stored in a conventional monitoring well means that the well will be slow to respond to changes in piezometric pressure in the aquifer. This is especially true in low-yield formations, where weeks and even months may be required to fill the well casings to the static water level. CMT wells, on the other hand, respond and equilibrate quickly because of the low volume of the various channels.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"How are CMT wells different than \\\"nested wells\\\"?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"CMT wells are indeed very different than \\\"nested wells\\\". In fact, the CMT System was designed in part because of the problems inherent with nested wells. Nested wells are multilevel wells that have multiple casings in a single borehole. That type of well construction was popular in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, the use of nested wells is strongly discouraged by US EPA and other regulatory agencies because of the many documented cases where poor seals between the casings led to cross-connection of the various monitored zones.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->Most boreholes are not perfectly straight or plumb, and the casings inevitably end up lying against each other in some portions of the borehole. Bentonite pellets and\/or cement grouts may not completely fill in the spaces between the casings, resulting in void spaces that allow cross-communication between the different monitoring zones. In areas where nested wells are still allowed, there are usually requirements that spacers be used to keep the various casings apart in the borehole. There is usually also a requirement that 2-inch annular seals be installed between each of the individual well casings. This requirement results in boreholes that must be 12 inches in diameter or larger. The increased cost of the larger boreholes quickly makes nested wells less attractive than clusters of individual wells, especially when the uncertainty of the annular seals is factored in. With the CMT System, the various monitoring channels are inside the CMT tubing. Thus, there is only one, smooth-walled tube within the borehole. The tubing is centered inside the borehole using Solinst's low-profile centralizers, and 2-inch-thick annular seals can be installed easily and reliably in a single borehole as small as 5.6 inches in diameter.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Do CMT wells comply with state and county well construction standards?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Well construction standards vary from region to region, but CMT wells should be in full compliance with well construction standards in most areas. Many states and counties require a 2 inch annular seal between the well casing and borehole wall. That is easily achieved with CMT wells. Given the relatively small diameter of the system (1.6 inches), the requirement for a 2 inch seal is met by installing the system in a borehole that is 5.6 inches in diameter or larger. Low-profile centralizers ensure that CMT wells are centered in the borehole and that the sealing material fills the space surrounding the CMT tubing evenly.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Are CMT wells accepted by regulators? How do I convince my regulator that the System yields reliable data?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Based on what we hear, an emphatic YES! However, the system is still new to many people, including many State and local regulators. Once they are introduced to the system, though, most regulators whole-heartedly support the use of CMT wells. They look forward to the better plume definition afforded with multi-level monitoring, especially compared to the composite samples from long-screened monitoring wells that they have had to settle for in the past. A common concern expressed by the regulatory community is the integrity of the borehole annular seals that prevent vertical movement of groundwater between different zones. This is one of the key advantages of the CMT System. Unlike nested wells where several casings are placed in a single borehole, there is only one casing - or more accurately, one tube - in the borehole with the CMT System. This simplifies the installation and improves the reliability of annular seals installed between the various monitored zones. Another concern expressed by some regulators is the quality of the groundwater samples collected from CMT wells. Until recently, the only way to sample CMT wells was with a Peristaltic Pump or Mini Inertial Pump. Now Solinst has a Micro Double Valve Pump and sample integrity is no longer an issue. Several government and university studies show that pneumatic pumps like the Micro Double Valve pump yield very high quality groundwater samples. The best way to inform your regulator of the advantages of multilevel monitoring using the CMT System is to direct them to the recently published paper on the CMT System authored by its inventors, Murray Einarson and John Cherry. That paper (Einarson and Cherry, GWMR Fall 2002) can be downloaded from our website.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What papers or guidance documents have been published that describe the CMT System?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Several papers describing the CMT multilevel monitoring system have been published and more are being published all the time. The most complete description of the CMT system is contained in a technical paper published in the fall 2002 issue of Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson and Cherry, 2002). Note, however, that several improvements to the system have been made since that paper was written. The CMT system is also described in the American Petroleum Institute's 2000 guidance document titled \\\"Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates.\\\" These documents and others can be downloaded from the Papers section of our website.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What is the maximum depth that CMT wells can be installed?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"CMT wells have been installed to a maximum depth of 260 feet. Stock coil lengths are 100 ft, 200 ft & 300 ft. On special order 400 ft coils are available.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Can segments of the CMT tubing be coupled together?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"No. The system is designed to be installed in one continuous length, thus eliminating the possibility of leakage at joints.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What if I don't want to monitor seven zones? Do I have to use all the channels?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"No. You can use as many or as few as you like. Unused channels do not affect the rest of the CMT System. Some people use two channels to monitor a single zone. They dedicate one of the channels to a Micro Double Valve Pump and use the other channel for measuring water levels. If you use two channels to monitor a single zone, however, you will reduce the number of discrete zones that you can monitor by 50%.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What papers or guidance documents have been published that describe the CMT System?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Several papers describing the CMT multilevel monitoring system have been published and more are being published all the time. The most complete description of the CMT system is contained in a technical paper published in the fall 2002 issue of Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson and Cherry, 2002). Note, however, that several improvements to the system have been made since that paper was written. The CMT system is also described in the American Petroleum Institute's 2000 guidance document titled 'Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates.'\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Is there a minimum borehole diameter that should be used for CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"For installations where sand and bentonite pellets are poured into the borehole annulus from the ground surface, we recommend using CMT centralizers and a borehole diameter of at least 5 inches. That gives the well installer ample space to avoid bridging the sand and bentonite and allows easy access for the Solinst Tag Line. Solinst Double Acting Inflatable Packers are available, by special order, to seal 3\\\", 3.7\\\" and 4\\\" boreholes. Seven-channel CMT wells can be installed through direct-push casing having an inside diameter (ID) of 2 inches or larger. These installations rely on the formation collapsing around the CMT tubing.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What kinds of drilling methods can be usd to install CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"CMT wells have been installed in boreholes created with nearly all types of drilling equipment. A summary of Drilling Methods & Techniques for installing CMT wells in Unconsolidated Aquifers can be found in the Papers & Information section of the Solinst website.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"How do I find a drilling contractor who has experience installing CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"A listing of drilling contractors who have experience installing CMT wells is included on our website. If you have a contractor that you would like to work with but who has not yet installed a CMT well, please have the contractor contact Solinst to explain the various options for installing CMT wells with different types of drilling equipment. We are happy to assist you and\/or your contractor to make sure that your CMT wells are installed successfully. Telephone support is available at no cost. On-site training for you and\/or your contractor is available for a small additional fee necessary to cover our time and travel costs.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"I've seen pictures of the CMT System installed with bentonite packers. Are they available from Solinst?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Prototype bentonite packers were used during the initial development and testing of the CMT system. Those bentonite seals, which are described in the 2002 Einarson and Cherry paper, proved to be too difficult and time-consuming to construct in the field. Therefore, we recommend that all annular materials, including sand pack and bentonite seals, be poured from the surface in conjunction with CMT System Centralizers.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"I've heard that inflatable packers exist that allow for temporary or permanent installations in bedrock aquifers. How do they work?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"We have developed Double-Acting Inflatable Packers that are used to seal the annular space between the CMT tubing and the borehole wall in bedrock installations. They are \\\"double acting\\\" in that the inside of the packers expand along with the outside of the packers. By applying a small vacuum to the packers, the inner gland expands slightly. The packers then slide easily over the CMT tubing and can be positioned where needed. When the vacuum is released, the inner gland retracts, securing the packers to the CMT tubing. Clamps are attached to the packers to ensure that they don't move when the well is inserted into the borehole. An inflation tube connects to each of the packers and extends to the ground surface. When the CMT well is fully inserted, the packers are inflated with air, nitrogen, or water. Inflating the packers seals both the borehole annulus and the space between the CMT tubing and the packers. An advantage of this system is that the packers can be deflated and the system removed when monitoring is no longer needed.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Can I install CMT wells with direct-push equipment?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Yes. Many DP contractors are installing 7-Channel CMT wells. The wells are typically installed inside of probe rods equipped with disposable drive points. Once the probe rods have been advanced to the desired depth, the CMT tubing is inserted. Then, the probe rods are retracted, leaving the CMT well in the ground. Most of these installations have been in sandy formations where the soil collapses around the CMT tubing when the probe rods are retracted. Installations in formations that do not collapse are more difficult, especially with small-diameter probe rods. The small inside diameter of the probe rods leaves little space to pour annular materials (i.e. sand and bentonite pellets) from the ground surface.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What is the best way to install sand packs and annular seals between the various monitored zones?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"The best way to install sand pack and annular seals is by pouring them into the borehole annulus from the surface or using a tremie pipe. When installing 7-Channel CMT wells this way, we suggest that you have a borehole no smaller than 5 inches in diameter. A borehole 5 inches in diameter or larger allows plenty of room for sand and bentonite pellets to fall to the bottom of the borehole without bridging. Also, be sure to use Solinst's low-profile centralizers to keep the CMT tubing centered in the borehole. These centralizers have been designed to minimize the likelihood of bridging the annular materials when building the well. Also, you may want to use an Anchor Plate to keep the CMT from rising up in the borehole, especially when drive casing (if used) is incrementally withdrawn from the borehole. The Anchor Plate is bolted directly to the Guide Point Port. After you have inserted the CMT well to the bottom of the hole, place a sandpack across the deepest monitoring zone by pouring sand into the annulus until it comes up to the level specified in your well construction design diagram. Be sure to measure the depth of the sand pack frequently with Solinst's Model 103 Tag Line while you are pouring the sand. This ensures that you don't bring the sand pack too high up in the borehole. Once the sand pack is above the bottom monitoring port, pour bentonite pellets to make a seal between the bottom monitoring zone and the overlying one. Contractors have reported good success using coated bentonite pellets for the annular seals. Pour the pellets slowly, and measure the depth of the seal frequently with the tag line to avoid adding too much bentonite. Continue adding alternating layers of sand pack and bentonite seals as described above, up to the levels specified in your well construction design diagram. Additional information about constructing CMT wells is presented in our Model 403 CMT Installation Manual (available on our site).\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"I don't have room at my job site to lay out the tubing in order to mark and install the intake ports and well screens. What other options do I have?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"For long lengths of tubing, e.g. greater than 100 feet, it is often impractical to lay the tubing on the ground at the job site in order to mark and install the various intake ports and well screens. We recommend that you mark the locations of the ports on the tubing ahead of time and bring the coiled CMT tubing to the jobsite. You can then install the ports and well screens at the proper locations as you are lowering the CMT tubing into the borehole. Alternatively, the CMT System can be built anywhere that room is available, then coiled and transported to the site.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"How do I decommission CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"CMT wells can be pressure grouted using a bentonite or cement slurry. The injected fluid will fill each CMT channel and the sand pack adjacent to each intake port. CMT wells can also be over drilled if necessary.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What is the purge volume of the various CMT channels per foot of tubing?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"The outer 6 pie-shaped channels of the CMT tubing each hold about 40 ml of fluid per linear foot of tubing. The central channel holds approximately 30 ml per linear foot.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What if I don't want to monitor seven zones? Do I have to use all the channels?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"No. You can use as many or as few as you like. Unused channels do not affect the rest of the CMT System. Some people use two channels to monitor a single zone. They dedicate one of the channels to a Micro Double Valve Pump and use the other channel for measuring water levels. If you use two channels to monitor a single zone, however, you will reduce the number of discrete zones that you can monitor by 50%.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"How do I measure water levels inside CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Water levels can be measured with Solinst's Model 101 or Model 102 small-diameter water level tapes. If continuous recording of water levels is desired, you can install Solinst's Model PDCR 35\/D Druck transducers. The transducers can be connected to a wellhead datalogger or a telemetry unit for remote reading from a central data collection center. These transducers will only fit inside the outer channels and not the narrower center channel.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What are the best ways to purge and sample CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"You basically have 3 choices for purging and sampling in narrow diameter applications. The Model 410 Peristaltic Pump can be used where the suction lift is less than 25 ft (7.5 m). Solinst's Mini Inertial Pump (MIP) can also be used. The MIP uses 1\/4\\\" (6mm) dia. riser tubing fitted with a \\\"push-in\\\" foot valve. Repeated up and down strokes brings the sample to surface from depths up to 150 ft. (46m). Purge & sampling can also be done with the Model 408M Micro Double Valve pump which is ideal for low flow sampling. The 408M is made of 3\/8\\\" (10mm) dia. flexible coaxial tubing available in LDPE for use to 50 ft. (15m) or Teflon for use down to 150 ft. (46m) The 408M uses a drive gas which is delivered through a controller.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Are there any chemical affects of biases associated with the polyethylene tubing or other parts of the CMT system?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"There are chemical biases associated with all types of groundwater monitoring wells and sampling pumps. Potential chemical biases associated with the CMT system relate to (1) the use of polyethylene tubing and (2) the sampling devices used to collect water samples. Hydrophobic organic contaminants can sorb to the polyethylene tubing, potentially causing a negative sampling bias. In some situations, those same compounds can diffuse through the polyethylene, either from outside of the well or from adjacent channels, potentially causing a positive sampling bias in some channels. Potential biases with hydrophyllic contaminants, e.g. MTBE or most inorganic compounds is minimal. A thorough discussion of these potential sampling biases is presented in the Einarson and Cherry Paper describing the CMT system that was published in the Fall 2002 issue of Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Are groundwater samples collected from CMT wells as good as samples collected from 2-inch or 4-inch conventional monitoring wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Groundwater samples from CMT wells are not only as good as samples collected from traditional monitoring wells, they are usually better! Most importantly, samples from CMT wells are discrete samples from the aquifer, not composite samples typical of long-screened conventional monitoring wells. Consequently, if the concentration of a contaminant in a sample collected from a particular CMT channel is low, you can be confident that the concentration in the aquifer at that depth is indeed low, rather than being low because of dilution as may be the case with a conventional monitoring well. Additional discussion of the sampling biases associated with conventional monitoring wells and the technical advantages of multilevel groundwater monitoring is presented in our Papers Section. In addition, water samples collected from CMT wells are often less turbid than samples collected from conventional monitoring wells. The screen slot size and sand pack of a conventional monitoring well is often a compromise owing to the wide range of grain sizes present within the screened interval of most wells. The well screens and sand pack may be too small for the coarser fraction, but too large for the fine-grained layers within the screened zone. This leads to high levels of turbidity in the water samples since the fine-grained sediments are not effectively filtered by the well screens and sand pack. CMT wells, on the other hand, typically monitor short, discrete intervals in an aquifer. The well screen and sand pack in each monitored zone can be optimized for the grain size of the sediments within each interval. Each intake port in a CMT well can have a different well screen and sand pack size depending on the lithology of the aquifer materials in each monitored zone. This flexibility in well construction optimizes the filtration characteristics of the CMT well, resulting in clear, turbidity-free water samples. CMT wells have other advantages over conventional monitoring wells. First, the purge volume of CMT wells is very small. That means that there is less contaminated water requiring treatment or disposal during routine sampling. Take the case of a 4-zone CMT well that has ports at depths of 20, 40, 60, and 80 feet. Assuming that the static water level is 10 feet below the ground surface, the volume of water required to purge two times the \\\"casing volume\\\" of the four channels would be about 13 liters or less than 3.5 gallons! Second, CMT wells detect changes in piezometric pressure more accurately than traditional monitoring wells. Two- or 4-inch-diameter monitoring wells store a lot of water compared to the individual channels in a CMT well. The large amount of water stored in a conventional monitoring well means that the well will be slow to respond to changes in piezometric pressure in the aquifer. This is especially true in low-yield formations, where weeks and even months may be required to recharge the well casings to the static water level. CMT wells, on the other hand, respond and equilibrate quickly because of the low volume of the various channels.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"I have flowing artesian conditions at my site. Do you have a way to plug and sample the ports at the wellhead?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Yes. Special expansion plugs are available to seal the various channels at the wellhead. The plugs have optional valves which allow you to collect groundwater samples simply by opening the valves. Pressure gauges can also be attached to the plugs at the wellhead in order to measure the piezometric pressures in each monitored zone.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"How do I develop CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"We have had good success purging the wells with Peristaltic Pumps and Mini Inertial Pumps. You cannot, of course, develop CMT wells the way you would a water supply well, but that type of rigorous development isn't required with small-diameter monitoring wells. The goal of developing CMT wells, which is usually easily achieved, is to establish hydraulic connection with the formation. The well won't be 100% efficient, but the hydraulic head values measured in the well will be accurate, and the well will yield more than enough water to sample (assuming that the formation is reasonably permeable). If you added water when drilling the borehole or constructing the well, the best way of dealing with this is to simply wait several days for the water you've added to \\\"drift\\\" down gradient. For sites with typical groundwater velocities (0.5 to 2 feet per day), the water added during drilling and\/or well construction will have drifted away from the CMT intake ports in several days. If the water added during drilling has a different electrical conductivity (EC) than the formation water, you can monitor the EC in water pumped from the well to confirm that the drill water is gone. Some consultants have added potassium bromide (an inert tracer commonly used in groundwater research) as a tracer to the drill\/construction water and then monitored the purge water in the CMT well with a bromide-specific electrode to verify that the drill water is no longer in the vicinity of the CMT well prior to collecting samples. Contact us for details.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  }]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bb3676f7e6-7b83-4698-94ce-2cc9fa9ae43d\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px|||||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=\u00bb3_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_button button_url=\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.solinst.com\/products\/multilevel-systems-and-remediation\/403-cmt-multilevel-system\/get-quote.php\u00bb button_text=\u00bbObtener presupuesto\u00bb admin_label=\u00bb403 get quote\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbc9e00792-1360-4998-8cf9-5f6772c944ba\u00bb global_module=\u00bb3396&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_button][dsm_menu title=\u00bbProductos relacionados\u00bb menu_id=\u00bb37&#8243; submenu_collapse=\u00bbon\u00bb menu_link_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; active_link_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; menu_link_text_active_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; menu_link_text_visited_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; list_style_type=\u00bbnone\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|on\u00bb admin_label=\u00bb403 Related Products Mobile\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_font=\u00bb|600|||||||\u00bb header_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb menu_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb sub_menu_text_color=\u00bb#727272&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#fcfcfc\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb10px|10px|10px|10px|false|false\u00bb sticky_limit_bottom=\u00bbbody\u00bb sticky_position_tablet=\u00bbnone\u00bb sticky_position_phone=\u00bbnone\u00bb sticky_position_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb1px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#e0e0e0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb active_link_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb active_link_color__hover=\u00bb#d1d1d1&#8243;][\/dsm_menu][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; admin_label=\u00bbAdobe Analytics Code\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.0&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||4px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.0&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_code admin_label=\u00bbC\u00f3digo AA para esta p\u00e1gina\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<!-- SiteCatalyst code version: H.21. 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