{"id":240117,"date":"2024-10-28T20:43:22","date_gmt":"2024-10-28T20:43:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/tuotteet\/monitasoiset-jarjestelmat\/403-cmt-monitasoiset-jarjestelmat\/faq\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T00:12:05","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T00:12:05","slug":"faq","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/fi\/tuotteet\/monitasoiset-jarjestelmat\/403-cmt-monitasoiset-jarjestelmat\/faq\/","title":{"rendered":"FAQ"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;H1 and breadcrumbs&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;9px||0px||false|false&#8221; sticky_position=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_limit_bottom=&#8221;body&#8221; background_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; sticky_position_tablet=&#8221;none&#8221; sticky_position_phone=&#8221;none&#8221; sticky_position_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1600px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;12px||0px||false|false&#8221; sticky_position=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_limit_bottom=&#8221;body&#8221; sticky_position_tablet=&#8221;none&#8221; sticky_position_phone=&#8221;none&#8221; sticky_position_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||5px|||&#8221; header_text_align_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_text_align_phone=&#8221;&#8221; header_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;22px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1 role=\"heading\" data-uw-rm-heading=\"level\">CMT monitasoinen j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 FAQ: Usein kysytyt kysymykset: Usein kysytyt kysymykset: Usein kysytyt kysymykset<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_breadcrumbs disabled_on=&#8221;on|off|off&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;breadcrumbs below landing pages with mobile view off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; home_icon_text_color=&#8221;#d6d6d6&#8243; global_module=&#8221;4283&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/dsm_breadcrumbs][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Mobile-Only Nav with Offset&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;4759a92f-4b27-4854-bb2c-299854634e93&#8243; display_conditions=&#8221;W10=&#8221; sticky_offset_top=&#8221;127px&#8221; global_module=&#8221;2935&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||true|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code admin_label=&#8221;403 Mobiilinavigointi &#8211; Valitse pudotusvalikko&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_css_free_form=&#8221;select {||||      font-size: 1em; \/* Adjust font size *\/||      padding: 10px;   \/* Optional: Increase padding for better spacing *\/||      width: 100%;||      box-sizing: border-box;\/* Optional: Adjust width to fit the container *\/||      height: 50px;||}||||    \/* Style for dropdown options (fallback if needed) *\/||select option {||      font-size: 1.2em; \/* Ensures option text matches select styling *\/||      width: 100%;||    }&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  \t403 CMT monitasoj\u00e4rjestelmien valikko<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    403 CMT monitasoj\u00e4rjestelmien p\u00e4\u00e4sivu<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    Pyyd\u00e4 tarjous<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    L\u00e4het\u00e4 minulle tietoa<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    Miksi monitasoisia?<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    Mik\u00e4 on monitasoinen j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4?<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    Monitasoinen tekniikka (Video Demo)<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    Monitasoisen j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n vertailu<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    Tietolehti<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -CMT:n sovellukset ja edut<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -Monikanavainen putkisto<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -suojat ja hiekkapakkaukset<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -Monitasoiset ovat v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6mi\u00e4<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -Monitorointivaihtoehdot<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -Kentt\u00e4sovellukset<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -koulutusohjelmat<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\tOhjeet<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\t    -CMT monitasoisen j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n kokoonpano-opas<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;Esiasennusvaatimukset<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;Esittely<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;valmistautuminen<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;Vakiomallisten CMT-j\u00e4rjestelmien kokoaminen<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;Putken merkitseminen ja leikkaaminen<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            Ulkopuolisten aukkojen ja tuuletusaukkojen leikkaaminen &#8211;Cutting Outer Ports and Vent Holes<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;Putkiston pohjan konfigurointi<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;putkikeskittimien kiinnitt\u00e4minen<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;CMT-sijoitus<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            -Vakiokaivonp\u00e4\u00e4n kiinnitt\u00e4minen<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            -Vaihtoehtoinen monipurkauskanavakokoonpano<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;seurantavaihtoehdot<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;CMT-erittelyt ja huomiot<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            -Ehdot ja edellytykset<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;Sis\u00e4llysluettelo<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\t<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -Narrow CMT monitasoisen j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n kokoonpano-opas<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;Esiasennusvaatimukset<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;Esittely<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;valmistautuminen<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;Vakiomuotoisten CMT-monitasoj\u00e4rjestelmien kokoaminen<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;CMT-putken merkitseminen<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;Aukkojen ja tuuletusaukon leikkaaminen<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;CMT-putken pohjan konfigurointi<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;Kapea CMT-sijoitus<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;Vakiokaivonp\u00e4\u00e4n kiinnitt\u00e4minen<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            -Vaihtoehtoinen virtauksenvalvontakokoonpano<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            -Optional Multi-Purge Manifold Assembly -valinnainen monipuhdistuskanavakokoonpano<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;CMT-asennus hiekka- ja bentoniittipatruunoiden kanssa<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;asennuksen suunnitteluesimerkki<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;hiekka- ja bentoniittikasetin valmistelu<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;hiekka- ja bentoniittikasetin asennus<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            -Kapea CMT-porttikokoonpano<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            -Kapeiden CMT-hiekkapatruunoiden asentaminen<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            -Kapeiden CMT-jousipatruunoiden asentaminen<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;CMT Monitasoiset j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4nvalvontavaihtoehdot<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            -Ehdot ja edellytykset<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            &#8211;Sis\u00e4llysluettelo<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -Purge \/ Grout Adaptor k\u00e4ytt\u00f6ohjeet<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -Kaksoisten CMT-porttien rakentaminen<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -Yhteenveto porausmenetelmist\u00e4 ja -tekniikoista.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -CMT-erittelyt ja huomiot<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    FAQ<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    Koulutetut CMT-urakoitsijat<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -Ryhdy koulutetuksi urakoitsijaksi<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    Tekniset tiedotteet ja tapaustutkimukset<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -CMT korkean resoluution h\u00f6yryn tunkeutumisen seurantaan<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -Monitasoinen n\u00e4ytteenotto: Vaihtoehdot ja hy\u00f6dyllisi\u00e4 vihjeit\u00e4<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t LUST-markkinoille<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        -CMT Vapor Monitoring<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    Monitasoiset j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; specialty=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;5a5bca26-a9a5-4e6c-8fca-d64da3bdcd40&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_menu menu_id=&#8221;34&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;403 Main Nav&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;242faa89-ac4f-4e46-90fe-505e8c1eab79&#8243; global_module=&#8221;3814&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_menu][et_pb_menu menu_id=&#8221;37&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;403 Related Products&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;242faa89-ac4f-4e46-90fe-505e8c1eab79&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;|0px||0px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_module=&#8221;8608&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_menu][et_pb_slider disabled_on=&#8221;on|on|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; display_conditions=&#8221;W10=&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/downloads.solinst.com\/free-shipping?utm_source=solinst&amp;utm_medium=WC-global-sidebar-position1&amp;utm_campaign=free-shipping&#8221; global_module=&#8221;53188&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_slide button_text=&#8221;Vesihuilun k\u00e4yt\u00f6n edut&#8221; button_link=&#8221;https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/fi\/tuotteet\/solinstin-huilu\/405-vesihuilu\/?utm_source=solinst&amp;utm_medium=WC-global-sidebar-position1&amp;utm_campaign=405-water-flute&#8221; use_bg_overlay=&#8221;on&#8221; bg_overlay_color=&#8221;rgba(224,97,0,0.58)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#F07C00&#8243; background_enable_color=&#8221;on&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/405-water-flute-multilevel-groundwater-system-installation.webp&#8221; background_enable_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_center&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#f58025&#8243; button_border_width=&#8221;2px&#8221; button_border_radius=&#8221;20px&#8221; button_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_transition=&#8221;on&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Pohjaveden erillisen seurannan syvyys<\/h2>\n<p><b>V\u00e4henn\u00e4 kustannuksia ja kentt\u00e4aikaa<\/b><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_slider][et_pb_slider disabled_on=&#8221;on|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/groundwater-samplers\/410-peristaltic-pumps\/?utm_source=solinst&amp;utm_medium=WC-global-sidebar-position2&amp;utm_campaign=410-101d&#8221; disabled=&#8221;on&#8221; global_module=&#8221;53561&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;Automaattinen pumppaus DrawDown-tilassa&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Uusi peristalttinen pumppu Mk5&#8243; button_link=&#8221;https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/fi\/tuotteet\/pohjavesinaytteenottimet\/410-peristalttiset-pumput\/?utm_source=solinst&amp;utm_medium=WC-global-sidebar-position2&amp;utm_campaign=410-101d&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;on&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/101d-water-level-drawdown-meter-2-965&#215;500-1.webp&#8221; background_enable_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_size=&#8221;contain&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#f58025&#8243; button_border_width=&#8221;2px&#8221; button_border_radius=&#8221;20px&#8221; button_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; button_custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; button_custom_padding=&#8221;1px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;76px||||false|false&#8221; header_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_transition=&#8221;on&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_slider][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; specialty_columns=&#8221;3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_row_inner custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;3676f7e6-7b83-4698-94ce-2cc9fa9ae43d&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; sticky_position=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_limit_bottom=&#8221;body&#8221; motion_trigger_start=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_position_tablet=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_position_phone=&#8221;none&#8221; sticky_position_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; sticky_offset_top_tablet=&#8221;127px&#8221; sticky_offset_top_phone=&#8221;133px&#8221; sticky_offset_top_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; sticky_offset_surrounding_tablet=&#8221;off&#8221; sticky_offset_surrounding_phone=&#8221;off&#8221; sticky_offset_surrounding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; sticky_limit_bottom=&#8221;section&#8221; sticky_position_tablet=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_position_phone=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_position_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; sticky_offset_top_tablet=&#8221;133px&#8221; sticky_offset_top_phone=&#8221;&#8221; sticky_offset_top_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; sticky_limit_bottom_tablet=&#8221;none&#8221; sticky_limit_bottom_phone=&#8221;none&#8221; sticky_limit_bottom_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; sticky_offset_surrounding_tablet=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_offset_surrounding_phone=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_offset_surrounding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>CMT FAQ<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#general\" title=\"Yleinen CMT-tausta ja tekniset tiedot\">Yleinen CMT-tausta ja tekniset tiedot<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#applications\" title=\"CMT:n monitasoj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n sovellukset\">Sovellukset<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#drilling\" title=\"CMT:n monitasoj\u00e4rjestelmien poraus ja asennus\">Poraus ja asennus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#developing\" title=\"Monitasoisten CMT-j\u00e4rjestelmien kehitt\u00e4minen, n\u00e4ytteenotto ja seuranta\">Kehitt\u00e4minen, n\u00e4ytteenotto, seuranta<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner module_id=&#8221;general&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;3676f7e6-7b83-4698-94ce-2cc9fa9ae43d&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;general&#8221; module_id=&#8221;general&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Yleinen CMT-tausta ja tekniset tiedot<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_faq dsm_make_accordion_toggle=&#8221;on&#8221; dsm_animate_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;general faq&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;77be2b9f-999b-455f-afb8-d94da1ded8dc&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Voidaanko CMT-putken osia yhdist\u00e4\u00e4 toisiinsa?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Ei. J\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 on suunniteltu asennettavaksi yhten\u00e4isen\u00e4, jolloin vuotojen mahdollisuus liitoskohdissa on poissuljettu. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Hyv\u00e4ksyv\u00e4tk\u00f6 s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaiset CMT-kaivot? Miten vakuutan s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaisen siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 tuottaa luotettavia tietoja? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Kuulemiemme tietojen perusteella selv\u00e4 KYLL\u00c4! J\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 on kuitenkin viel\u00e4 uusi monille ihmisille, my\u00f6s monille valtion ja paikallisille s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaisille. Kun he ovat tutustuneet j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n, useimmat s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaiset tukevat kuitenkin varauksetta CMT-kaivojen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4. He odottavat innolla, ett\u00e4 monitasoisen seurannan avulla voidaan m\u00e4\u00e4ritell\u00e4 juoni paremmin, erityisesti verrattuna pitk\u00e4\u00e4n seulotuista seurantakaivoista otettuihin yhdistelm\u00e4n\u00e4ytteisiin, joihin heid\u00e4n on aiemmin t\u00e4ytynyt tyyty\u00e4. S\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaisten yhteinen huolenaihe on porausrei\u00e4n rengastiivisteiden eheys, joka est\u00e4\u00e4 pohjaveden pystysuuntaisen liikkumisen eri vy\u00f6hykkeiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on yksi CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n t\u00e4rkeimmist\u00e4 eduista. Toisin kuin sis\u00e4kk\u00e4isiss\u00e4 kaivoissa, joissa yhteen porausreik\u00e4\u00e4n sijoitetaan useita vaippoja, CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4ss\u00e4 porausreik\u00e4\u00e4n sijoitetaan vain yksi vaippa &#8211; tai tarkemmin sanottuna yksi putki. T\u00e4m\u00e4 yksinkertaistaa asennusta ja parantaa eri valvottujen vy\u00f6hykkeiden v\u00e4liin asennettujen rengastiivisteiden luotettavuutta. Toinen joidenkin s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaisten esitt\u00e4m\u00e4 huolenaihe on CMT-kaivoista ker\u00e4ttyjen pohjavesin\u00e4ytteiden laatu. Paras tapa kertoa s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaiselle CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n avulla tapahtuvan monitasoisen seurannan eduista on ohjata h\u00e4net tutustumaan CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n keksij\u00f6iden Murray Einarsonin ja John Cherryn \u00e4skett\u00e4in julkaisemaan CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 k\u00e4sittelev\u00e4\u00e4n julkaisuun. Kyseinen artikkeli (Einarson ja Cherry, GWMR Fall 2002) on ladattavissa verkkosivuiltamme.          <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Liittyyk\u00f6 polyeteeniletkuihin tai muihin CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n osiin kemiallisia vaikutuksia tai v\u00e4\u00e4ristymi\u00e4?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Seuraavassa on lueteltu kemiallisia harhoja, jotka liittyv\u00e4t kaikentyyppisiin pohjaveden tarkkailukaivoihin ja n\u00e4ytteenottopumppuihin. CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n liittyv\u00e4t mahdolliset kemialliset v\u00e4\u00e4ristym\u00e4t liittyv\u00e4t 1) polyeteeniputkien k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n ja 2) vesin\u00e4ytteiden ottamiseen k\u00e4ytett\u00e4viin n\u00e4ytteenottolaitteisiin. Hydrofobiset orgaaniset ep\u00e4puhtaudet voivat sorboitua polyeteeniputkeen, mik\u00e4 voi aiheuttaa negatiivisen n\u00e4ytteenottoharhan. Joissakin tilanteissa samat yhdisteet voivat diffundoitua polyeteenin l\u00e4pi joko kaivon ulkopuolelta tai viereisist\u00e4 kanavista, mik\u00e4 voi aiheuttaa positiivisen n\u00e4ytteenottoharhan joissakin kanavissa. Mahdolliset v\u00e4\u00e4ristym\u00e4t hydrofyllisten ep\u00e4puhtauksien, kuten MTBE:n tai useimpien ep\u00e4orgaanisten yhdisteiden osalta ovat v\u00e4h\u00e4isi\u00e4. N\u00e4ist\u00e4 mahdollisista n\u00e4ytteenottovirheist\u00e4 k\u00e4yd\u00e4\u00e4n perusteellinen keskustelu Einarsonin ja Cherryn CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 kuvaavassa artikkelissa, joka julkaistiin Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation -lehden syksyn 2002 numerossa. (Katso t\u00e4m\u00e4n verkkosivuston Papers-osio.)      <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Miksi j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 ei ole saatavana Teflon\u00ae-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n\u00e4?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Tutkimme ajatusta tehd\u00e4 CMT-putket teflonista, mutta hylk\u00e4simme sen parista syyst\u00e4. Ensinn\u00e4kin teflon on vaikea polymeeri ty\u00f6st\u00e4\u00e4, eik\u00e4 teflonia ole mahdollista puristaa nykyisen CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n muotoon. Toiseksi teflon on eritt\u00e4in kallista, mik\u00e4 nostaisi CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n kustannukset jopa kymmenkertaisiksi. Lopuksi, teflon ei ole immuuni n\u00e4ytteenottovirheille; hydrofobiset VOC-yhdisteet voivat diffundoitua teflonputken sein\u00e4mien l\u00e4pi aivan kuten polyeteeniputken sein\u00e4mienkin l\u00e4pi.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Miten CMT-kaivot eroavat %22nested wells%22 -kaivoista?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-kuopat ovat todellakin hyvin erilaisia kuin %22sis\u00e4kk\u00e4iset kuopat%22. Itse asiassa CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 on suunniteltu osittain siksi, ett\u00e4 se on omiaan aiheuttamaan ongelmia, jotka liittyv\u00e4t sis\u00e4kk\u00e4isiin kaivoihin. Sis\u00e4kk\u00e4iset kaivot ovat monitasoisia kaivoja, joissa on useita vaippoja samassa porausrei\u00e4ss\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4ntyyppinen kaivojen rakentaminen oli suosittua 1970-luvulla ja 1980-luvun alussa. Yhdysvaltain ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6nsuojeluvirasto EPA ja muut s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaiset eiv\u00e4t kuitenkaan suosittele p\u00e4\u00e4llekk\u00e4isten kaivojen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4, koska monissa dokumentoiduissa tapauksissa huonot tiivisteet vaippojen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ovat johtaneet eri valvottavien vy\u00f6hykkeiden ristiinkytkeytymiseen.     Useimmat porausrei\u00e4t eiv\u00e4t ole t\u00e4ysin suoria tai suorassa, ja kotelot p\u00e4\u00e4tyv\u00e4t v\u00e4ist\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4 toisiaan vasten joissakin porausrei\u00e4n osissa. Bentoniittipelletit ja\/tai sementtilaastit eiv\u00e4t v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4 t\u00e4yt\u00e4 kokonaan vaippojen v\u00e4lisi\u00e4 tiloja, jolloin syntyy tyhji\u00e4 tiloja, jotka mahdollistavat ristikk\u00e4isviestinn\u00e4n eri seurantavy\u00f6hykkeiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Alueilla, joilla sis\u00e4kk\u00e4iset kaivot ovat edelleen sallittuja, vaaditaan yleens\u00e4, ett\u00e4 porausrei\u00e4ss\u00e4 on k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4 v\u00e4likappaleita, jotka pit\u00e4v\u00e4t eri vaipat erill\u00e4\u00e4n toisistaan. Yleens\u00e4 edellytet\u00e4\u00e4n my\u00f6s, ett\u00e4 jokaisen yksitt\u00e4isen kaivon vaipan v\u00e4liin asennetaan 2 tuuman rengastiivisteet. T\u00e4m\u00e4n vaatimuksen vuoksi porausreikien on oltava halkaisijaltaan v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4n 12 tuumaa. Suurempien porausreikien lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyneet kustannukset v\u00e4hent\u00e4v\u00e4t nopeasti porakaivojen houkuttelevuutta verrattuna yksitt\u00e4isten kaivojen ryhmiin, varsinkin kun otetaan huomioon rengastiivisteiden ep\u00e4varmuus. CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4ss\u00e4 eri valvontakanavat ovat CMT-putken sis\u00e4ll\u00e4. N\u00e4in ollen porausrei\u00e4ss\u00e4 on vain yksi sile\u00e4sein\u00e4inen putki. Putki keskitet\u00e4\u00e4n porausrei\u00e4n sis\u00e4ll\u00e4 Solinstin matalaprofiilisten keskityslaitteiden avulla, ja 2 tuuman paksuiset rengastiivisteet voidaan asentaa helposti ja luotettavasti yksitt\u00e4iseen, halkaisijaltaan vain 5,6 tuuman porausreik\u00e4\u00e4n.        <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Ovatko CMT-kaivot osavaltion ja piirikunnan kaivojen rakentamisstandardien mukaisia?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Kaivojen rakentamisstandardit vaihtelevat alueittain, mutta CMT-kaivojen pit\u00e4isi useimmilla alueilla olla t\u00e4ysin kaivojen rakentamisstandardien mukaisia. Monissa osavaltioissa ja maakunnissa vaaditaan 2 tuuman rengastiivistett\u00e4 kaivon vaipan ja porakaivon sein\u00e4m\u00e4n v\u00e4liin. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on helppo saavuttaa CMT-kaivoissa. Koska j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n halkaisija on suhteellisen pieni (1,6 tuumaa), kahden tuuman tiivistysvaatimus t\u00e4yttyy asentamalla j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 porausreik\u00e4\u00e4n, jonka halkaisija on v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4n 5,6 tuumaa. Matalaprofiilisilla keskittimill\u00e4 varmistetaan, ett\u00e4 CMT-kaivot keskitet\u00e4\u00e4n porausrei\u00e4ss\u00e4 ja ett\u00e4 tiivistysmateriaali t\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 CMT-putkea ymp\u00e4r\u00f6iv\u00e4n tilan tasaisesti.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Mik\u00e4 on eri CMT-kanavien puhdistustilavuus putkijalkaa kohti?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-letkun kuuteen ulompaan piirakan muotoiseen kanavaan mahtuu 40 ml nestett\u00e4 letkun pituusjalkaa kohden. Keskimm\u00e4iseen kanavaan mahtuu noin 30 ml juoksujalan pituudelta. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Miksi CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 on edullisempi kuin muut monitasoj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>T\u00e4h\u00e4n on pari syyt\u00e4. Ensinn\u00e4kin letkut on valmistettu HDPE:st\u00e4 (Highdensity Polyethylene), joka on edullinen materiaali, jota k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n yleisesti ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n\u00e4ytteenottoon. Toiseksi putkissa ei ole liitoksia; putket ovat yhten\u00e4isi\u00e4 maan pinnasta porausrei\u00e4n pohjaan. Liitokset lis\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4t seurantakaivojen kustannuksia, koska ne vaativat hienostunutta suunnittelua ja huolellista ty\u00f6st\u00f6\u00e4 vetolujuuden s\u00e4ilytt\u00e4miseksi ja vuotojen est\u00e4miseksi.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Mit\u00e4 CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 kuvaavia asiakirjoja tai ohjeita on julkaistu?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT:n monitasoista valvontaj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 on kuvattu useissa julkaisuissa, ja uusia julkaistaan koko ajan. T\u00e4ydellisin kuvaus CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4st\u00e4 sis\u00e4ltyy tekniseen julkaisuun, joka on julkaistu Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation -lehden syksyn 2002 numerossa (Einarson ja Cherry, 2002). On kuitenkin huomattava, ett\u00e4 j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n on tehty useita parannuksia sen j\u00e4lkeen, kun kyseinen artikkeli kirjoitettiin. CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 kuvataan my\u00f6s American Petroleum Instituten vuonna 2000 julkaisemassa ohjeasiakirjassa %22Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates%22. N\u00e4m\u00e4 ja muut asiakirjat ovat ladattavissa verkkosivujemme Papers-osiosta.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Onko Waterloon monitasoj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4ll\u00e4 mit\u00e4\u00e4n etuja CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n verrattuna?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Kyll\u00e4. <\/span><a href=\"%22\/?page_id=2640%22\" data-uw-rm-brl=\"%22PR%22\" data-uw-original-href=\"%22https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/fi\/tuotteet\/monitasoiset-jarjestelmat\/401-waterloo-monitasoinen-jarjestelma\/%22\">Waterloo-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4<\/a><span> soveltuu paremmin syvempiin sovelluksiin, sovelluksiin, jotka vaativat erikoismateriaaleja, kuten ruostumatonta ter\u00e4st\u00e4 tai teflonia, ja sovelluksiin, jotka vaativat erillisi\u00e4 pumppuja ja paineantureita jopa 8 vy\u00f6hykkeell\u00e4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Minulla ei ole ty\u00f6maallani tilaa putkien asetteluun, jotta voisin merkit\u00e4 ja asentaa imuaukot ja kaivon\u00e4yt\u00f6t. Mit\u00e4 muita vaihtoehtoja minulla on? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Pitkien putkien, esimerkiksi yli 100 jalan, kohdalla on usein ep\u00e4k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6llist\u00e4 asettaa putket maahan ty\u00f6maalla, jotta eri imuaukot ja kaivon\u00e4yt\u00f6t voidaan merkit\u00e4 ja asentaa. Suosittelemme, ett\u00e4 merkitset porttien sijainnit putkistoon etuk\u00e4teen ja tuot CMT-putken kelaamalla ty\u00f6maalle. Voit sitten asentaa portit ja kaivon\u00e4yt\u00f6t oikeisiin paikkoihin, kun lasket CMT-putkea porausreik\u00e4\u00e4n. Vaihtoehtoisesti CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 voidaan rakentaa miss\u00e4 tahansa, miss\u00e4 on tilaa, sitten kelata ja kuljettaa ty\u00f6maalle.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Miksi CMT-putkia ei ole saatavana suurempina halkaisijoina?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Tutkimme CMT-putkien valmistamista suuremmilla halkaisijoilla, mutta totesimme, ett\u00e4 siit\u00e4 ei ollut toivottavaa hy\u00f6ty\u00e4. Ensinn\u00e4kin putken halkaisijan kasvattaminen johti putken lommahduslujuuden pienenemiseen. Toiseksi halkaisijaltaan suurempia putkia oli vaikeampi kelata, eik\u00e4 niit\u00e4 voitu kelata riitt\u00e4v\u00e4n pieniksi halkaisijoiksi, jotta ne voitiin toimittaa tavallisilla kuljetusyhti\u00f6ill\u00e4. Sen sijaan, ett\u00e4 olisimme tehneet putkista suurempia, kehitimme vedenpinnan mittausnauhoja ja n\u00e4ytteenottopumppuja, jotka mahtuisivat helposti nykyisen CMT-putken kaikkiin kanaviin. Katso mallit 101M ja 102 vedenkorkeusmittarit.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Mik\u00e4 on CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n historia?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n kehitti alun perin Murray Einarson ollessaan jatko-opiskelijana Waterloon yliopistossa Ontariossa Kanadassa. Murray oli tuolloin osakkaana kalifornialaisessa Precision Sampling -yrityksess\u00e4, joka s\u00e4ilytti CMT-patenttioikeudet, kunnes Precision myytiin Conor Pacific Environmentalille vuonna 1998. Vuonna 1999 Murray sai Conor Pacificilta patenttioikeuksien yksinomaisen omistusoikeuden ja allekirjoitti Solinstin kanssa sopimuksen, jolla sille annettiin yksinoikeus valmistaa ja myyd\u00e4 j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 maailmanlaajuisesti. Siit\u00e4 l\u00e4htien Solinst on kehitt\u00e4nyt CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 edelleen ja suunnitellut luotettavat mekaaniset tiivisteet kuhunkin kanavaan, ohjauspisteportin, joka mahdollistaa helpon p\u00e4\u00e4syn keskikanavaan, sek\u00e4 joukon erikoisty\u00f6kaluja, jotka yksinkertaistavat j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n kokoamista.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Kuinka monta CMT-kaivoa on asennettu t\u00e4h\u00e4n menness\u00e4?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-kaivoja on asennettu tuhansia nelj\u00e4ll\u00e4 mantereella ymp\u00e4ri maailmaa. CMT-kaivoja on asennettu useimmissa Yhdysvaltojen osavaltioissa sek\u00e4 Kanadassa, Yhdistyneess\u00e4 kuningaskunnassa, Italiassa, Singaporessa ja Etel\u00e4-Afrikassa. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][\/dsm_faq][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner module_id=&#8221;general&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;3676f7e6-7b83-4698-94ce-2cc9fa9ae43d&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;applications&#8221; module_id=&#8221;applications&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Sovellukset<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_faq dsm_make_accordion_toggle=&#8221;on&#8221; dsm_animate_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;applications faq&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;77be2b9f-999b-455f-afb8-d94da1ded8dc&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Voidaanko CMT-kaivoja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 maaper\u00e4n kaasun\u00e4ytteenottoon?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Kyll\u00e4. Saatavilla on erityisi\u00e4 liitososia maaper\u00e4n kaasun\u00e4ytteiden ottamiseksi CMT-putken kaikista kanavista. Ota meihin yhteytt\u00e4 saadaksesi lis\u00e4tietoja.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Millaisia hydraulisia testej\u00e4 voin tehd\u00e4 CMT-kaivoissa?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-kaivot ovat ihanteellisia monitasoisia tarkkailukaivoja pohjaveden pumppauskokeiden aikana. Kaivoissa on my\u00f6s tehty hydraulisia testej\u00e4. Suurin osa t\u00e4h\u00e4n menness\u00e4 CMT-vesikaivoissa tehdyist\u00e4 testeist\u00e4 on ollut slug-testej\u00e4, joissa paineilmaa k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n vedenpinnan alentamiseen testivy\u00f6hykkeell\u00e4. Paineilma vapautetaan \u00e4killisesti, ja jakson palautumista seurataan mittaamalla vedenpinnan nousua ajan mittaan. Halkaisijaltaan pienet anturit helpottavat huomattavasti vedenpinnan palautumisen seurantaa erityisesti karkearakeisissa muodostumissa, jotka palautuvat nopeasti. Hyv\u00e4 tietol\u00e4hde, joka koskee hydraulista testausta halkaisijaltaan pieniss\u00e4 kaivoissa, l\u00f6ytyy Kansasin yliopiston verkkosivuilta:       <\/span><a href=\"\/\/www.geo.ku.edu\/%22\" data-et-target-link=\"%22_blank%22\" data-uw-rm-brl=\"%22PR%22\" data-uw-original-href=\"%22http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu\/%22\" aria-label=\"%22http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu\" data-uw-rm-ext-link=\"%22%22\" rel=\"%22noopener%22\">http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Ovatko CMT-kaivoista ker\u00e4tyt pohjavesin\u00e4ytteet yht\u00e4 hyvi\u00e4 kuin 2 tai 4 tuuman tavanomaisista tarkkailukaivoista ker\u00e4tyt n\u00e4ytteet?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-kaivoista otetut pohjavesin\u00e4ytteet eiv\u00e4t ole yht\u00e4 hyvi\u00e4 kuin perinteisist\u00e4 tarkkailukaivoista otetut n\u00e4ytteet, vaan yleens\u00e4 jopa parempia! T\u00e4rkeint\u00e4 on, ett\u00e4 CMT-vesikaivoista otetut n\u00e4ytteet ovat erillisi\u00e4 n\u00e4ytteit\u00e4 pohjavesikerroksesta, eiv\u00e4t perinteisille, pitk\u00e4\u00e4n seulotuille tarkkailukaivoille tyypillisi\u00e4 yhdistelm\u00e4n\u00e4ytteit\u00e4. N\u00e4in ollen, jos tietyst\u00e4 CMT-kanavasta ker\u00e4tyn n\u00e4ytteen ep\u00e4puhtauspitoisuus on alhainen, voidaan olla varmoja siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 pohjavesikerroksen pitoisuus kyseisell\u00e4 syvyydell\u00e4 on todella alhainen, eik\u00e4 se ole alhainen laimenemisen vuoksi, kuten tavanomaisissa seurantakaivoissa. Lis\u00e4keskustelua tavanomaisiin tarkkailukaivoihin liittyvist\u00e4 n\u00e4ytteenottoharhoista ja monitasoisen pohjaveden tarkkailun teknisist\u00e4 eduista on esitetty asiakirjoja k\u00e4sittelev\u00e4ss\u00e4 osassa. Lis\u00e4ksi CMT-kaivoista ker\u00e4tyt vesin\u00e4ytteet ovat usein v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n sameat kuin tavanomaisista tarkkailukaivoista ker\u00e4tyt n\u00e4ytteet. Tavanomaisen tarkkailukaivon seulan aukkokoko ja hiekkapakkaus ovat usein kompromissi, koska useimpien kaivojen seulav\u00e4li on raekooltaan hyvin erilainen. Kaivon n\u00e4yt\u00f6t ja hiekkapakkaus voivat olla liian pieni\u00e4 karkeammalle fraktiolle, mutta liian suuria hienorakeisille kerroksille seulotun vy\u00f6hykkeen sis\u00e4ll\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 johtaa vesin\u00e4ytteiden suureen sameuteen, koska hienorakeiset sedimentit eiv\u00e4t suodatu tehokkaasti kaivon seulojen ja hiekkapakkauksen avulla. CMT-kaivoissa sen sijaan seurataan tyypillisesti lyhyit\u00e4, erillisi\u00e4 jaksoja pohjavesialueella. Jokaisen valvottavan alueen kaivon seulonta ja hiekkapakkaus voidaan optimoida kunkin jakson sedimenttien raekoon mukaan. CMT-kaivon jokaisessa ottoaukossa voi olla eri kokoinen kaivon seula ja hiekkapakkaus riippuen kunkin valvottavan vy\u00f6hykkeen pohjavesimateriaalien litologiasta. T\u00e4m\u00e4 joustavuus kaivon rakenteessa optimoi CMT-kaivon suodatusominaisuudet, jolloin saadaan kirkkaita, sameutta sis\u00e4lt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6mi\u00e4 vesin\u00e4ytteit\u00e4. CMT-kaivoilla on muitakin etuja perinteisiin tarkkailukaivoihin verrattuna. Ensinn\u00e4kin CMT-kaivojen puhdistustilavuus on hyvin pieni. T\u00e4m\u00e4 tarkoittaa, ett\u00e4 rutiininomaisen n\u00e4ytteenoton aikana on v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n saastunutta vett\u00e4, joka on k\u00e4sitelt\u00e4v\u00e4 tai h\u00e4vitett\u00e4v\u00e4. Esimerkkin\u00e4 voidaan ottaa nelivy\u00f6hykkeinen CMT-kaivo, jossa on portit 20, 40, 60 ja 80 jalan syvyydess\u00e4. Jos oletetaan, ett\u00e4 staattinen vedenpinta on 10 jalkaa maanpinnan alapuolella, vesim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4, joka tarvitaan puhdistamaan kaksi kertaa nelj\u00e4n kanavan %22vaippatilavuus%22, olisi noin 7 litraa eli alle 2 gallonaa! Toiseksi CMT-kaivot havaitsevat piezometrisen paineen muutokset tarkemmin kuin perinteiset tarkkailukaivot. Halkaisijaltaan kahden tai nelj\u00e4n tuuman seurantakaivoihin varastoituu paljon vett\u00e4 verrattuna CMT-kaivon yksitt\u00e4isiin kanaviin. Perinteiseen tarkkailukaivoon varastoituneen veden suuri m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 tarkoittaa, ett\u00e4 kaivo reagoi hitaasti pohjavesialueen piezometrisen paineen muutoksiin. T\u00e4m\u00e4 p\u00e4tee erityisesti v\u00e4h\u00e4tuottoisissa muodostumissa, joissa voi kest\u00e4\u00e4 viikkoja ja jopa kuukausia t\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 kaivon vaippa staattiseen vedenpinnan tasoon asti. CMT-kaivot sen sijaan reagoivat ja tasapainottuvat nopeasti, koska eri kanavien tilavuus on pieni.                     <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Miten CMT-kaivot eroavat %22nested wells%22 -kaivoista?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>CMT-kuopat ovat todellakin hyvin erilaisia kuin %22sis\u00e4kk\u00e4iset kuopat%22. Itse asiassa CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 on suunniteltu osittain siksi, ett\u00e4 se on omiaan aiheuttamaan ongelmia, jotka liittyv\u00e4t sis\u00e4kk\u00e4isiin kaivoihin. Sis\u00e4kk\u00e4iset kaivot ovat monitasoisia kaivoja, joissa on useita vaippoja samassa porausrei\u00e4ss\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4ntyyppinen kaivojen rakentaminen oli suosittua 1970-luvulla ja 1980-luvun alussa. Yhdysvaltain ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6nsuojeluvirasto EPA ja muut s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaiset eiv\u00e4t kuitenkaan suosittele p\u00e4\u00e4llekk\u00e4isten kaivojen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4, koska monissa dokumentoiduissa tapauksissa huonot tiivisteet vaippojen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ovat johtaneet eri valvottavien vy\u00f6hykkeiden ristiinkytkeytymiseen.    <\/p>\n<p>Useimmat porausrei\u00e4t eiv\u00e4t ole t\u00e4ysin suoria tai suorassa, ja kotelot p\u00e4\u00e4tyv\u00e4t v\u00e4ist\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4 toisiaan vasten joissakin porausrei\u00e4n osissa. Bentoniittipelletit ja\/tai sementtilaastit eiv\u00e4t v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4 t\u00e4yt\u00e4 kokonaan vaippojen v\u00e4lisi\u00e4 tiloja, jolloin syntyy tyhji\u00e4 tiloja, jotka mahdollistavat ristikk\u00e4isviestinn\u00e4n eri seurantavy\u00f6hykkeiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Alueilla, joilla sis\u00e4kk\u00e4iset kaivot ovat edelleen sallittuja, vaaditaan yleens\u00e4, ett\u00e4 porausrei\u00e4ss\u00e4 on k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4 v\u00e4likappaleita, jotka pit\u00e4v\u00e4t eri vaipat erill\u00e4\u00e4n toisistaan. Yleens\u00e4 edellytet\u00e4\u00e4n my\u00f6s, ett\u00e4 jokaisen yksitt\u00e4isen kaivon vaipan v\u00e4liin asennetaan 2 tuuman rengastiivisteet. T\u00e4m\u00e4n vaatimuksen vuoksi porausreikien on oltava halkaisijaltaan v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4n 12 tuumaa. Suurempien porausreikien lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyneet kustannukset v\u00e4hent\u00e4v\u00e4t nopeasti porakaivojen houkuttelevuutta verrattuna yksitt\u00e4isten kaivojen ryhmiin, varsinkin kun otetaan huomioon rengastiivisteiden ep\u00e4varmuus. CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4ss\u00e4 eri valvontakanavat ovat CMT-putken sis\u00e4ll\u00e4. N\u00e4in ollen porausrei\u00e4ss\u00e4 on vain yksi sile\u00e4sein\u00e4inen putki. Putki keskitet\u00e4\u00e4n porausrei\u00e4n sis\u00e4ll\u00e4 Solinstin matalaprofiilisilla keskittimill\u00e4, ja 2 tuuman paksuiset rengastiivisteet voidaan asentaa helposti ja luotettavasti yksitt\u00e4iseen, halkaisijaltaan vain 5,6 tuuman porausreik\u00e4\u00e4n.        <\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Ovatko CMT-kaivot osavaltion ja piirikunnan kaivojen rakentamisstandardien mukaisia?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Kaivojen rakentamisstandardit vaihtelevat alueittain, mutta CMT-kaivojen pit\u00e4isi useimmilla alueilla olla t\u00e4ysin kaivojen rakentamisstandardien mukaisia. Monissa osavaltioissa ja maakunnissa vaaditaan 2 tuuman rengastiivistett\u00e4 kaivon vaipan ja porakaivon sein\u00e4m\u00e4n v\u00e4liin. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on helppo saavuttaa CMT-kaivoissa. Koska j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n halkaisija on suhteellisen pieni (1,6 tuumaa), kahden tuuman tiivistysvaatimus t\u00e4yttyy asentamalla j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 porausreik\u00e4\u00e4n, jonka halkaisija on v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4n 5,6 tuumaa. Matalaprofiilisilla keskittimill\u00e4 varmistetaan, ett\u00e4 CMT-kaivot keskitet\u00e4\u00e4n porausrei\u00e4ss\u00e4 ja ett\u00e4 tiivistysmateriaali t\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 CMT-putkea ymp\u00e4r\u00f6iv\u00e4n tilan tasaisesti.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Hyv\u00e4ksyv\u00e4tk\u00f6 s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaiset CMT-kaivot? Miten vakuutan s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaisen siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 tuottaa luotettavia tietoja? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Kuulemiemme tietojen perusteella selv\u00e4 KYLL\u00c4! J\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 on kuitenkin viel\u00e4 uusi monille ihmisille, my\u00f6s monille valtion ja paikallisille s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaisille. Kun he ovat tutustuneet j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n, useimmat s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaiset tukevat kuitenkin varauksetta CMT-kaivojen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4. He odottavat innolla, ett\u00e4 monitasoisen seurannan avulla voidaan m\u00e4\u00e4ritell\u00e4 juoni paremmin, erityisesti verrattuna pitk\u00e4\u00e4n seulotuista seurantakaivoista otettuihin yhdistelm\u00e4n\u00e4ytteisiin, joihin heid\u00e4n on aiemmin t\u00e4ytynyt tyyty\u00e4. S\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaisten yhteinen huolenaihe on porausrei\u00e4n rengastiivisteiden eheys, joka est\u00e4\u00e4 pohjaveden pystysuuntaisen liikkumisen eri vy\u00f6hykkeiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on yksi CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n t\u00e4rkeimmist\u00e4 eduista. Toisin kuin sis\u00e4kk\u00e4isiss\u00e4 kaivoissa, joissa yhteen porausreik\u00e4\u00e4n sijoitetaan useita vaippoja, CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4ss\u00e4 porausreik\u00e4\u00e4n sijoitetaan vain yksi vaippa &#8211; tai tarkemmin sanottuna yksi putki. T\u00e4m\u00e4 yksinkertaistaa asennusta ja parantaa eri valvottujen vy\u00f6hykkeiden v\u00e4liin asennettujen rengastiivisteiden luotettavuutta. Toinen joidenkin s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaisten esitt\u00e4m\u00e4 huolenaihe on CMT-kaivoista ker\u00e4ttyjen pohjavesin\u00e4ytteiden laatu. Viime aikoihin asti ainoa tapa ottaa n\u00e4ytteit\u00e4 CMT-kaivoista oli k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 peristaltiikkapumppua tai mini-inertiapumppua. Nyt Solinstilla on Micro Double Valve Pump, eik\u00e4 n\u00e4ytteen eheys ole en\u00e4\u00e4 ongelma. Useat hallituksen ja yliopistojen tutkimukset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 Micro Double Valve -pumpun kaltaisilla pneumaattisilla pumpuilla saadaan eritt\u00e4in korkealaatuisia pohjavesin\u00e4ytteit\u00e4. Paras tapa kertoa s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyviranomaiselle CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4n monitasoisen seurannan eduista on ohjata h\u00e4net tutustumaan CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 k\u00e4sittelev\u00e4\u00e4n \u00e4skett\u00e4in julkaistuun julkaisuun, jonka ovat kirjoittaneet j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n keksij\u00e4t Murray Einarson ja John Cherry. Kyseinen artikkeli (Einarson ja Cherry, GWMR Fall 2002) on ladattavissa verkkosivuiltamme.             <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Mit\u00e4 CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 kuvaavia asiakirjoja tai ohjeita on julkaistu?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT:n monitasoista valvontaj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 on kuvattu useissa julkaisuissa, ja uusia julkaistaan koko ajan. T\u00e4ydellisin kuvaus CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4st\u00e4 sis\u00e4ltyy tekniseen julkaisuun, joka julkaistiin Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation -lehden syksyn 2002 numerossa (Einarson ja Cherry, 2002). On kuitenkin huomattava, ett\u00e4 j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n on tehty useita parannuksia sen j\u00e4lkeen, kun kyseinen artikkeli kirjoitettiin. CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 kuvataan my\u00f6s American Petroleum Instituten vuonna 2000 julkaisemassa ohjeessa %22Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates%22. N\u00e4m\u00e4 ja muut asiakirjat ovat ladattavissa verkkosivujemme Papers-osiosta.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][\/dsm_faq][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;drilling&#8221; module_id=&#8221;drilling&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Poraus ja asennus<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_faq dsm_make_accordion_toggle=&#8221;on&#8221; dsm_animate_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;drilling faq&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;77be2b9f-999b-455f-afb8-d94da1ded8dc&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Mik\u00e4 on suurin syvyys, johon CMT-kaivot voidaan asentaa?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-kaivot on asennettu enint\u00e4\u00e4n 260 jalan syvyyteen. Varastokelan pituudet ovat 100, 200 ja 300 jalkaa. Erikoistilauksesta on saatavana 400 jalan keloja.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Voidaanko CMT-putken osia yhdist\u00e4\u00e4 toisiinsa?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Ei. J\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 on suunniteltu asennettavaksi yhten\u00e4isen\u00e4, jolloin vuotojen mahdollisuus liitoskohdissa on poissuljettu. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Ent\u00e4 jos en halua valvoa seitsem\u00e4\u00e4 vy\u00f6hykett\u00e4? Onko minun k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4 kaikkia kanavia? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Ei. Voit k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 niin monta tai niin v\u00e4h\u00e4n kuin haluat. K\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4t kanavat eiv\u00e4t vaikuta muuhun CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n. Jotkut k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t kahta kanavaa yhden vy\u00f6hykkeen valvontaan. He omistavat yhden kanavista Micro Double Valve -pumpulle ja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t toista kanavaa vedenkorkeuden mittaamiseen. Jos k\u00e4yt\u00e4t kahta kanavaa yhden vy\u00f6hykkeen valvontaan, v\u00e4henn\u00e4t kuitenkin 50 %:lla valvottavien erillisvy\u00f6hykkeiden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4.     <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Mit\u00e4 CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 kuvaavia asiakirjoja tai ohjeita on julkaistu?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT:n monitasoista valvontaj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 on kuvattu useissa julkaisuissa, ja uusia julkaistaan koko ajan. T\u00e4ydellisin kuvaus CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4st\u00e4 sis\u00e4ltyy tekniseen julkaisuun, joka julkaistiin Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation -lehden syksyn 2002 numerossa (Einarson ja Cherry, 2002). On kuitenkin huomattava, ett\u00e4 j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n on tehty useita parannuksia sen j\u00e4lkeen, kun kyseinen artikkeli kirjoitettiin. CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 kuvataan my\u00f6s American Petroleum Instituten vuonna 2000 julkaisemassa ohjeasiakirjassa %22Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates%22.     <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Onko CMT-kaivoissa k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4 porausrei\u00e4n v\u00e4himm\u00e4ishalkaisijaa?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Asennuksissa, joissa hiekka ja bentoniittipelletit kaadetaan porausrei\u00e4n rengasrakoon maan pinnalta, suosittelemme CMT-keskittimien k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 ja porausrei\u00e4n halkaisijan olevan v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4n 5 tuumaa. T\u00e4m\u00e4 antaa kaivon asentajalle riitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti tilaa v\u00e4ltt\u00e4\u00e4 hiekan ja bentoniitin siltojen muodostumista ja mahdollistaa Solinst Tag Line -laitteen helpon p\u00e4\u00e4syn. Erikoistilauksesta on saatavana Solinst Double Acting Inflatable Packers -puhalluspakkauksia 3 tuuman, 3,7 tuuman ja 4 tuuman porausreikien tiivist\u00e4miseen. Seitsem\u00e4nkanavaiset CMT-kaivot voidaan asentaa suoraan ty\u00f6nnett\u00e4v\u00e4n kotelon l\u00e4pi, jonka sis\u00e4halkaisija (ID) on 2 tuumaa tai suurempi. N\u00e4m\u00e4 asennukset perustuvat siihen, ett\u00e4 muodostuma luhistuu CMT-putken ymp\u00e4rille.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Millaisia porausmenetelmi\u00e4 voidaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 CMT-kaivojen asentamiseen?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-kaivoja on asennettu l\u00e4hes kaikentyyppisill\u00e4 porauslaitteilla tehtyihin porausreikiin. Yhteenveto porausmenetelmist\u00e4 ja -tekniikoista CMT-kaivojen asentamiseksi kiinteytym\u00e4tt\u00f6miin pohjavesikerrostumiin l\u00f6ytyy Solinstin verkkosivuston Papers &amp; Information -osiosta. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Miten l\u00f6yd\u00e4n porausurakoitsijan, jolla on kokemusta CMT-kaivojen asentamisesta?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Verkkosivuillamme on luettelo porausurakoitsijoista, joilla on kokemusta CMT-kaivojen asentamisesta. Jos sinulla on urakoitsija, jonka kanssa haluaisit ty\u00f6skennell\u00e4, mutta joka ei ole viel\u00e4 asentanut CMT-kaivoa, pyyd\u00e4 urakoitsijaa ottamaan yhteytt\u00e4 Solinstiin ja selitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n eri vaihtoehdot CMT-kaivojen asentamiseksi erityyppisill\u00e4 porauslaitteilla. Autamme mielell\u00e4mme sinua ja\/tai urakoitsijaa varmistamaan, ett\u00e4 CMT-kaivot asennetaan onnistuneesti. Puhelintukea on saatavilla maksutta. Teille ja\/tai urakoitsijallenne on saatavilla koulutusta paikan p\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4 pient\u00e4 lis\u00e4maksua vastaan, joka on tarpeen ty\u00f6aikamme ja matkakustannustemme kattamiseksi.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Olen n\u00e4hnyt kuvia CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4st\u00e4, joka on asennettu bentoniittipakkausten kanssa. Onko niit\u00e4 saatavana Solinstilta? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n alkukehityksess\u00e4 ja testauksessa k\u00e4ytettiin bentoniittipakkausten prototyyppej\u00e4. N\u00e4m\u00e4 bentoniittitiivisteet, jotka kuvataan Einarsonin ja Cherryn vuonna 2002 julkaistussa julkaisussa, osoittautuivat liian vaikeiksi ja aikaa vieviksi rakentaa kent\u00e4ll\u00e4. Siksi suosittelemme, ett\u00e4 kaikki rengasmateriaalit, mukaan lukien hiekkapakkaus ja bentoniittitiivisteet, kaadetaan pinnalta yhdess\u00e4 CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n keskitinlaitteiden kanssa.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Olen kuullut, ett\u00e4 on olemassa puhallettavia pakkaajia, jotka voidaan asentaa v\u00e4liaikaisesti tai pysyv\u00e4sti kalliopohjaveteen. Miten ne toimivat? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Olemme kehitt\u00e4neet kaksitoimiset puhallettavat pakkausputket, joita k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n tiivist\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n CMT-putken ja porausrei\u00e4n sein\u00e4m\u00e4n v\u00e4linen rengasmainen tila kallioper\u00e4n asennuksissa. Ne ovat %22kaksitoimisia%22 siin\u00e4 mieless\u00e4, ett\u00e4 pakkaajien sis\u00e4puoli laajenee yhdess\u00e4 pakkaajien ulkopuolisten osien kanssa. Kun pakkaajiin kohdistetaan pieni alipaine, sisempi tiiviste laajenee hieman. T\u00e4m\u00e4n j\u00e4lkeen pakkaimet liukuvat helposti CMT-putken yli ja ne voidaan sijoittaa tarpeen mukaan. Kun alipaine vapautetaan, sisempi tiiviste vet\u00e4ytyy takaisin ja kiinnitt\u00e4\u00e4 pakkaimet CMT-putkeen. Pakkaimiin kiinnitet\u00e4\u00e4n puristimet, jotta ne eiv\u00e4t liiku, kun kaivo ty\u00f6nnet\u00e4\u00e4n porausreik\u00e4\u00e4n. Kumpaankin pakkeriin liitet\u00e4\u00e4n puhallusputki, joka ulottuu maanpinnalle. Kun CMT-porauskaivanto on kokonaan ty\u00f6nnetty sis\u00e4\u00e4n, pakkaajat t\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n ilmalla, typell\u00e4 tai vedell\u00e4. Pakkausten t\u00e4ytt\u00e4minen tiivist\u00e4\u00e4 sek\u00e4 porausrei\u00e4n rengasrei\u00e4n ett\u00e4 CMT-putken ja pakkausten v\u00e4lisen tilan. T\u00e4m\u00e4n j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n etuna on, ett\u00e4 pakkaajat voidaan tyhjent\u00e4\u00e4 ja j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 poistaa, kun seurantaa ei en\u00e4\u00e4 tarvita.         <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Voinko asentaa CMT-kaivoja suoraan ty\u00f6nnett\u00e4vill\u00e4 laitteilla?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Kyll\u00e4. Monet DP-urakoitsijat asentavat 7-kanavaisia CMT-kaivoja. Kaivot asennetaan tyypillisesti kertak\u00e4ytt\u00f6isill\u00e4 ajopisteill\u00e4 varustettujen koetankojen sis\u00e4\u00e4n. Kun koettimet on ty\u00f6nnetty haluttuun syvyyteen, CMT-putket ty\u00f6nnet\u00e4\u00e4n sis\u00e4\u00e4n. Sen j\u00e4lkeen koettimet vedet\u00e4\u00e4n takaisin, jolloin CMT-kaivo j\u00e4\u00e4 maahan. Useimmat n\u00e4ist\u00e4 asennuksista on tehty hiekkamuodostumiin, joissa maaper\u00e4 luhistuu CMT-putken ymp\u00e4rille, kun koettimet vedet\u00e4\u00e4n sis\u00e4\u00e4n. Asennukset muodostumiin, jotka eiv\u00e4t luhistu, ovat vaikeampia, erityisesti halkaisijaltaan pienill\u00e4 koetangoilla. Koetankojen pieni sis\u00e4halkaisija j\u00e4tt\u00e4\u00e4 vain v\u00e4h\u00e4n tilaa rengasmaisten materiaalien (esim. hiekan ja bentoniittipellettien) kaatamiseen maan pinnalta.       <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Mik\u00e4 on paras tapa asentaa hiekkapakkaukset ja rengastiivisteet eri valvottujen vy\u00f6hykkeiden v\u00e4lille?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Paras tapa asentaa hiekkapakkaus ja rengastiivisteet on kaataa ne porausrei\u00e4n rengasrakoon pinnalta tai k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 vapauttavaa putkea. Kun asennat 7-kanavaisia CMT-kaivoja t\u00e4ll\u00e4 tavoin, suosittelemme, ett\u00e4 porausrei\u00e4n halkaisija on v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4n 5 tuumaa. Halkaisijaltaan v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4n 5 tuuman porausrei\u00e4ss\u00e4 on runsaasti tilaa hiekalle ja bentoniittipelleteille pudota porausrei\u00e4n pohjalle ilman siltoja. Muista my\u00f6s k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 Solinstin matalaprofiilisia keskitinlaitteita, jotta CMT-putki pysyy keskell\u00e4 porausrei\u00e4ss\u00e4. N\u00e4m\u00e4 sentraattorit on suunniteltu minimoimaan rengasmateriaalien siltojen muodostumisen todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyys kaivoa rakennettaessa. Voit my\u00f6s haluta k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 ankkurilevy\u00e4 pit\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n CMT-putken nousemasta yl\u00f6sp\u00e4in porarei\u00e4ss\u00e4, erityisesti kun ajoputkea (jos sit\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n) vedet\u00e4\u00e4n porarei\u00e4st\u00e4 v\u00e4hitellen pois. Ankkurilevy ruuvataan suoraan ohjauspisteen porttiin. Kun olet asettanut CMT:n rei\u00e4n pohjaan asti, aseta hiekkapussi syvimm\u00e4n seurantavy\u00f6hykkeen poikki kaatamalla hiekkaa rengastilaan, kunnes se nousee kaivon rakennekaaviossa m\u00e4\u00e4ritettyyn tasoon. Muista mitata hiekkapakkauksen syvyys usein Solinstin Model 103 Tag Line -mittarilla, kun kaadat hiekkaa. N\u00e4in varmistat, ettet vie hiekkapakkausta liian korkealle porausrei\u00e4ss\u00e4. Kun hiekkapakkaus on pohjan seuranta-aukon yl\u00e4puolella, kaada bentoniittipellettej\u00e4, jotta pohjan seurantavy\u00f6hykkeen ja sen yl\u00e4puolisen vy\u00f6hykkeen v\u00e4lille saadaan tiiviste. Urakoitsijat ovat raportoineet hyv\u00e4st\u00e4 menestyksest\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 p\u00e4\u00e4llystettyj\u00e4 bentoniittipellettej\u00e4 rengastiivisteisiin. Kaada pelletit hitaasti ja mittaa tiivisteen syvyys usein merkkiviivalla, jotta v\u00e4lt\u00e4t liian suuren bentoniittim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n lis\u00e4\u00e4misen. Jatka hiekkapakkauksen ja bentoniittitiivisteiden vuorottelevaa lis\u00e4\u00e4mist\u00e4 edell\u00e4 kuvatulla tavalla kaivon rakennekaaviossa m\u00e4\u00e4ritettyihin tasoihin asti. Lis\u00e4tietoja CMT-kaivojen rakentamisesta on esitetty Mallin 403 CMT-asennusoppaassa (saatavilla verkkosivuillamme).              <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Minulla ei ole ty\u00f6maallani tilaa putkien asetteluun, jotta voisin merkit\u00e4 ja asentaa imuaukot ja kaivon\u00e4yt\u00f6t. Mit\u00e4 muita vaihtoehtoja minulla on? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Pitkien putkien, esimerkiksi yli 100 jalan, kohdalla on usein ep\u00e4k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6llist\u00e4 asettaa putket maahan ty\u00f6maalla, jotta eri imuaukot ja kaivon\u00e4yt\u00f6t voidaan merkit\u00e4 ja asentaa. Suosittelemme, ett\u00e4 merkitset porttien sijainnit putkistoon etuk\u00e4teen ja tuot CMT-putken kelaamalla ty\u00f6maalle. Voit sitten asentaa portit ja kaivon\u00e4yt\u00f6t oikeisiin paikkoihin, kun lasket CMT-putkea porausreik\u00e4\u00e4n. Vaihtoehtoisesti CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 voidaan rakentaa miss\u00e4 tahansa, miss\u00e4 on tilaa, sitten kelata ja kuljettaa ty\u00f6maalle.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Miten CMT-kaivot poistetaan k\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-kaivot voidaan injektoida paineella bentoniitti- tai sementtiliuoksella. Ruiskutettu neste t\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 jokaisen CMT-kanavan ja jokaisen imuaukon vieress\u00e4 olevan hiekkapakkauksen. CMT-kaivoja voidaan tarvittaessa my\u00f6s yliporata.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][\/dsm_faq][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;developing&#8221; module_id=&#8221;developing&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Kehitt\u00e4minen, n\u00e4ytteenotto, seuranta<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_faq dsm_make_accordion_toggle=&#8221;on&#8221; dsm_animate_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;developing faq&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;77be2b9f-999b-455f-afb8-d94da1ded8dc&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Mik\u00e4 on eri CMT-kanavien puhdistustilavuus putkijalkaa kohti?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-letkun 6 ulompaa piirakanmuotoista kanavaa sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4t kukin noin 40 ml nestett\u00e4 letkun suoraa jalkaa kohti. Keskimm\u00e4iseen kanavaan mahtuu noin 30 ml juoksujalan pituudelta. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Ent\u00e4 jos en halua valvoa seitsem\u00e4\u00e4 vy\u00f6hykett\u00e4? Onko minun k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4 kaikkia kanavia? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Ei. Voit k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 niin monta tai niin v\u00e4h\u00e4n kuin haluat. K\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4t kanavat eiv\u00e4t vaikuta muuhun CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n. Jotkut k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t kahta kanavaa yhden vy\u00f6hykkeen valvontaan. He omistavat yhden kanavista Micro Double Valve -pumpulle ja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t toista kanavaa vedenkorkeuden mittaamiseen. Jos k\u00e4yt\u00e4t kahta kanavaa yhden vy\u00f6hykkeen valvontaan, v\u00e4henn\u00e4t kuitenkin 50 %:lla valvottavien erillisvy\u00f6hykkeiden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4.     <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Miten CMT-kaivojen vedenkorkeus mitataan?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Vedenkorkeus voidaan mitata Solinstin halkaisijaltaan pienill\u00e4 vedenkorkeusnauhoilla Model 101 tai Model 102. Jos vedenkorkeuden jatkuva tallennus on tarpeen, voit asentaa Solinstin mallin PDCR 35\/D Druck-anturit. Anturit voidaan liitt\u00e4\u00e4 kaivonp\u00e4\u00e4n dataloggeriin tai telemetriayksikk\u00f6\u00f6n, jotta ne voidaan lukea et\u00e4n\u00e4 keskitetyst\u00e4 tiedonkeruukeskuksesta. N\u00e4m\u00e4 anturit sopivat vain uloimpiin kanaviin eiv\u00e4tk\u00e4 kapeampaan keskikanavaan.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Mitk\u00e4 ovat parhaat tavat puhdistaa ja ottaa n\u00e4ytteit\u00e4 CMT-kaivoista?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Sinulla on periaatteessa 3 vaihtoehtoa huuhteluun ja n\u00e4ytteenottoon kapeahkoissa sovelluksissa. Peristalttista pumppua mallia 410 voidaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4, kun imunostokorkeus on alle 7,5 m (25 ft). My\u00f6s Solinstin Mini Inertial Pump (MIP) -pumppua voidaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4. MIP:ss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n 6 mm (1\/4%22) halkaisijaltaan olevaa nousuputkea, joka on varustettu %22push-in%22 jalkaventtiilill\u00e4. Toistuvat yl\u00f6s- ja alasvedot nostavat n\u00e4ytteen pintaan jopa 46 metrin (150 jalan) syvyydest\u00e4. Puhdistus ja n\u00e4ytteenotto voidaan tehd\u00e4 my\u00f6s mallin 408M Micro Double Valve -pumpulla, joka on ihanteellinen pienen virtauksen n\u00e4ytteenottoon. 408M on valmistettu halkaisijaltaan 3\/8%22 (10 mm) taipuisasta koaksiaaliletkusta, joka on saatavana LDPE:n\u00e4 k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4ksi 15 metriin (50 ft.) asti tai teflonista k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4ksi 46 metriin (150 ft.) asti. 408M k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 ajokaasua, joka sy\u00f6tet\u00e4\u00e4n ohjaimen kautta.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Liittyyk\u00f6 polyeteeniputkeen tai muihin CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n osiin kemiallisia vaikutuksia?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Kaikentyyppisiin pohjaveden tarkkailukaivoihin ja n\u00e4ytteenottopumppuihin liittyy kemiallisia v\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4 tekij\u00f6it\u00e4. CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n liittyv\u00e4t mahdolliset kemialliset v\u00e4\u00e4ristym\u00e4t liittyv\u00e4t 1) polyeteeniputkien k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n ja 2) vesin\u00e4ytteiden ottamiseen k\u00e4ytett\u00e4viin n\u00e4ytteenottolaitteisiin. Hydrofobiset orgaaniset ep\u00e4puhtaudet voivat sorboitua polyeteeniputkeen, mik\u00e4 voi aiheuttaa negatiivisen n\u00e4ytteenottoharhan. Joissakin tilanteissa samat yhdisteet voivat diffundoitua polyeteenin l\u00e4pi joko kaivon ulkopuolelta tai viereisist\u00e4 kanavista, mik\u00e4 voi aiheuttaa positiivisen n\u00e4ytteenottoharhan joissakin kanavissa. Mahdolliset v\u00e4\u00e4ristym\u00e4t hydrofyllisten ep\u00e4puhtauksien, kuten MTBE:n tai useimpien ep\u00e4orgaanisten yhdisteiden osalta ovat v\u00e4h\u00e4isi\u00e4. N\u00e4ist\u00e4 mahdollisista n\u00e4ytteenottovirheist\u00e4 k\u00e4yd\u00e4\u00e4n perusteellinen keskustelu Einarsonin ja Cherryn CMT-j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 kuvaavassa artikkelissa, joka julkaistiin Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation -lehden syksyn 2002 numerossa.       <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Ovatko CMT-kaivoista ker\u00e4tyt pohjavesin\u00e4ytteet yht\u00e4 hyvi\u00e4 kuin 2 tai 4 tuuman tavanomaisista tarkkailukaivoista ker\u00e4tyt n\u00e4ytteet?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-kaivoista otetut pohjavesin\u00e4ytteet eiv\u00e4t ole yht\u00e4 hyvi\u00e4 kuin perinteisist\u00e4 tarkkailukaivoista otetut n\u00e4ytteet, vaan yleens\u00e4 jopa parempia! T\u00e4rkeint\u00e4 on, ett\u00e4 CMT-vesikaivoista otetut n\u00e4ytteet ovat erillisi\u00e4 n\u00e4ytteit\u00e4 pohjavesikerroksesta, eiv\u00e4t perinteisille, pitk\u00e4\u00e4n seulotuille tarkkailukaivoille tyypillisi\u00e4 yhdistelm\u00e4n\u00e4ytteit\u00e4. N\u00e4in ollen, jos tietyst\u00e4 CMT-kanavasta ker\u00e4tyn n\u00e4ytteen ep\u00e4puhtauspitoisuus on alhainen, voidaan olla varmoja siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 pohjavesikerroksen pitoisuus kyseisell\u00e4 syvyydell\u00e4 on todella alhainen, eik\u00e4 se ole alhainen laimenemisen vuoksi, kuten tavanomaisissa seurantakaivoissa. Lis\u00e4keskustelua tavanomaisiin tarkkailukaivoihin liittyvist\u00e4 n\u00e4ytteenottoharhoista ja monitasoisen pohjaveden tarkkailun teknisist\u00e4 eduista on esitetty asiakirjoja k\u00e4sittelev\u00e4ss\u00e4 osassa. Lis\u00e4ksi CMT-kaivoista ker\u00e4tyt vesin\u00e4ytteet ovat usein v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n sameat kuin tavanomaisista tarkkailukaivoista ker\u00e4tyt n\u00e4ytteet. Tavanomaisen tarkkailukaivon seulan aukkokoko ja hiekkapakkaus ovat usein kompromissi, koska useimpien kaivojen seulav\u00e4li on raekooltaan hyvin erilainen. Kaivon n\u00e4yt\u00f6t ja hiekkapakkaus voivat olla liian pieni\u00e4 karkeammalle fraktiolle, mutta liian suuria hienorakeisille kerroksille seulotun vy\u00f6hykkeen sis\u00e4ll\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 johtaa vesin\u00e4ytteiden suureen sameuteen, koska hienorakeiset sedimentit eiv\u00e4t suodatu tehokkaasti kaivon seulojen ja hiekkapakkauksen avulla. CMT-kaivoissa sen sijaan seurataan tyypillisesti lyhyit\u00e4, erillisi\u00e4 jaksoja pohjavesialueella. Kunkin valvottavan alueen kaivon seulonta ja hiekkapakkaus voidaan optimoida kunkin jakson sedimenttien raekoon mukaan. CMT-kaivon jokaisessa ottoaukossa voi olla eri kokoinen kaivon seula ja hiekkapakkaus riippuen kunkin valvottavan vy\u00f6hykkeen pohjavesimateriaalien litologiasta. T\u00e4m\u00e4 joustavuus kaivon rakenteessa optimoi CMT-kaivon suodatusominaisuudet, jolloin saadaan kirkkaita, sameutta sis\u00e4lt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6mi\u00e4 vesin\u00e4ytteit\u00e4. CMT-kaivoilla on muitakin etuja perinteisiin tarkkailukaivoihin verrattuna. Ensinn\u00e4kin CMT-kaivojen puhdistustilavuus on hyvin pieni. T\u00e4m\u00e4 tarkoittaa, ett\u00e4 rutiininomaisen n\u00e4ytteenoton aikana on v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n saastunutta vett\u00e4, joka on k\u00e4sitelt\u00e4v\u00e4 tai h\u00e4vitett\u00e4v\u00e4. Esimerkkin\u00e4 voidaan ottaa nelivy\u00f6hykkeinen CMT-kaivo, jossa on portit 20, 40, 60 ja 80 jalan syvyydess\u00e4. Jos oletetaan, ett\u00e4 staattinen vedenpinta on 10 jalkaa maanpinnan alapuolella, vesim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4, joka tarvitaan puhdistamaan kaksi kertaa nelj\u00e4n kanavan %22vaippatilavuus%22, olisi noin 13 litraa eli alle 3,5 gallonaa! Toiseksi CMT-kaivot havaitsevat piezometrisen paineen muutokset tarkemmin kuin perinteiset valvontakaivot. Halkaisijaltaan kahden tai nelj\u00e4n tuuman seurantakaivoihin varastoituu paljon vett\u00e4 verrattuna CMT-kaivon yksitt\u00e4isiin kanaviin. Perinteiseen tarkkailukaivoon varastoitunut suuri vesim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 tarkoittaa, ett\u00e4 kaivo reagoi hitaasti pohjavesialueen piezometrisen paineen muutoksiin. T\u00e4m\u00e4 p\u00e4tee erityisesti v\u00e4h\u00e4tuottoisissa muodostumissa, joissa voi kest\u00e4\u00e4 viikkoja tai jopa kuukausia, ennen kuin kaivon vaippa t\u00e4yttyy staattiseen vedenpinnan tasoon. CMT-kaivot sen sijaan reagoivat ja tasapainottuvat nopeasti, koska eri kanavien tilavuus on pieni.                     <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Alueellani on virtaavat arteesiset olosuhteet. Onko teill\u00e4 keino tulpata ja ottaa n\u00e4yte porteista kaivon p\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Kyll\u00e4. Saatavilla on erityisi\u00e4 paisuntatulppia, joilla voidaan tiivist\u00e4\u00e4 eri kanavat kaivon p\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4. Tulpissa on lis\u00e4varusteena venttiilit, joiden avulla voit ottaa pohjavesin\u00e4ytteit\u00e4 yksinkertaisesti avaamalla venttiilit. Tulppiin voidaan my\u00f6s liitt\u00e4\u00e4 painemittarit kaivonp\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4, jotta voidaan mitata piezometriset paineet kullakin valvottavalla vy\u00f6hykkeell\u00e4.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Miten saan CMT-kaivoja?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Olemme onnistuneet hyvin kaivojen puhdistamisessa peristaltiikkapumpuilla ja mini-inertiapumpuilla. CMT-kaivoja ei tietenk\u00e4\u00e4n voi kehitt\u00e4\u00e4 samalla tavalla kuin vesihuoltokaivoja, mutta halkaisijaltaan pienten seurantakaivojen kohdalla ei tarvita t\u00e4llaista tiukkaa kehitt\u00e4mist\u00e4. CMT-kaivojen kehitt\u00e4misen tavoitteena, joka yleens\u00e4 saavutetaan helposti, on luoda hydraulinen yhteys muodostumaan. Kaivo ei ole 100-prosenttisen tehokas, mutta kaivosta mitatut hydraulisen korkeuden arvot ovat tarkkoja, ja kaivosta saadaan enemm\u00e4n kuin tarpeeksi vett\u00e4 n\u00e4ytteenottoa varten (olettaen, ett\u00e4 muodostuma on kohtuullisen l\u00e4p\u00e4isev\u00e4). Jos olet lis\u00e4nnyt vett\u00e4 poratessasi porausreik\u00e4\u00e4 tai rakentaessasi kaivoa, paras tapa hoitaa t\u00e4m\u00e4 on yksinkertaisesti odottaa useita p\u00e4ivi\u00e4, ett\u00e4 lis\u00e4tty vesi %22ajautuu%22 alasp\u00e4in. Kohteissa, joissa pohjaveden nopeus on tyypillinen (0,5-2 jalkaa p\u00e4iv\u00e4ss\u00e4), porauksen ja\/tai kaivon rakentamisen aikana lis\u00e4tty vesi on ajelehtinut pois CMT:n ottoaukoista useissa p\u00e4iviss\u00e4. Jos porauksen aikana lis\u00e4tyn veden s\u00e4hk\u00f6njohtavuus (EC) on erilainen kuin muodostumaveden, voit seurata kaivosta pumpatun veden EC:t\u00e4 varmistaaksesi, ett\u00e4 porausvesi on poistunut. Jotkut konsultit ovat lis\u00e4nneet kaliumbromidia (inertti merkkiaine, jota k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n yleisesti pohjaveden tutkimuksessa) merkkiaineeksi poraus-\/rakentamisveteen ja seuranneet sen j\u00e4lkeen CMT-kaivon puhdistusvett\u00e4 bromidille ominaisella elektrodilla varmistaakseen, ett\u00e4 porausvett\u00e4 ei en\u00e4\u00e4 ole CMT-kaivon l\u00e4heisyydess\u00e4 ennen n\u00e4ytteiden ottamista. Ota meihin yhteytt\u00e4 saadaksesi lis\u00e4tietoja.        <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][\/dsm_faq][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span>\u00ae Solinst ja CMT ovat Solinst Canada Ltd:n rekister\u00f6ityj\u00e4 tavaramerkkej\u00e4.<\/span><br role=\"presentation\" data-uw-rm-sr=\"\"><span>*Patentit #6,865,933 B1, #6,758,274 B2, #2,260,587, #6,581,682, #2,347,702 ja #2,381,807.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Schema.org FAQ Snippet&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  &#8221;@context&#8221;: &#8221;https:\/\/schema.org&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;FAQPage&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  &#8221;mainEntity&#8221;: [{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Can segments of the CMT tubing be coupled together?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;No. The system is designed to be installed in one continuous length, thus eliminating the possibility of leakage at joints.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Are CMT wells accepted by regulators? How do I convince my regulator that the system yields reliable data?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Based on what we hear, an emphatic YES! However, the system is still new to many people, including many State and local regulators. Once they are introduced to the system, though, most regulators whole-heartedly support the use of CMT wells. They look forward to the better plume definition afforded with multi-level monitoring, especially compared to the composite samples from long-screened monitoring wells that they have had to settle for in the past. A common concern expressed by the regulatory community is the integrity of the borehole annular seals that prevent vertical movement of groundwater between different zones. This is one of the key advantages of the CMT System. Unlike nested wells where several casings are placed in a single borehole, there is only one casing \u2013 or more accurately, one tube \u2013 in the borehole with the CMT System. This simplifies the installation and improves the reliability of annular seals installed between the various monitored zones. Another concern expressed by some regulators is the quality of the groundwater samples collected from CMT wells. The best way to inform your regulator of the advantages of multilevel monitoring using the CMT System is to direct them to the recently published paper on the CMT System authored by its inventors, Murray Einarson and John Cherry. That paper (Einarson and Cherry, GWMR Fall 2002) can be downloaded from our website.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Are there any chemical affects or biases associated with the polyethylene tubing or other parts of the CMT system?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Here are chemical biases associated with all types of groundwater monitoring wells and sampling pumps. Potential chemical biases associated with the CMT system relate to (1) the use of polyethylene tubing and (2) the sampling devices used to collect water samples. Hydrophobic organic contaminants can sorb to the polyethylene tubing, potentially causing a negative sampling bias. In some situations, those same compounds can diffuse through the polyethylene, either from outside of the well or from adjacent channels, potentially causing a positive sampling bias in some channels. Potential biases with hydrophyllic contaminants, e.g. MTBE or most inorganic compounds is minimal. A thorough discussion of these potential sampling biases is presented in the Einarson and Cherry Paper describing the CMT system that was published in the Fall 2002 issue of Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation. (See the Papers Section of this web site.)&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Why is the system not available in Teflon\u00ae?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;We explored the idea of making CMT tubing out of Teflon but rejected it for a couple of reasons. First, Teflon is a difficult polymer to work with and it is not possible to extrude Teflon in the shape of the current CMT system. Second, Teflon is very expensive, which would drive the cost of the CMT system up by as much as ten-fold. Finally, Teflon isn&#8217;t immune to sampling biases; hydrophobic VOCs can diffuse through the walls of Teflon tubing just as they can through the walls of polyethylene tubing.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;How are CMT wells diffferent than \\&#8221;nested wells\\&#8221;?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;CMT wells are indeed very different than \\&#8221;nested wells\\&#8221;. In fact, the CMT System was designed in part because of the problems inherent with nested wells. Nested wells are multilevel wells that have multiple casings in a single borehole. That type of well construction was popular in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, the use of nested wells is strongly discouraged by US EPA and other regulatory agencies because of the many documented cases where poor seals between the casings led to cross-connection of the various monitored zones. Most boreholes are not perfectly straight or plumb, and the casings inevitably end up lying against each other in some portions of the borehole. Bentonite pellets and\/or cement grouts may not completely fill in the spaces between the casings, resulting in void spaces that allow cross-communication between the different monitoring zones. In areas where nested wells are still allowed, there are usually requirements that spacers be used to keep the various casings apart in the borehole. There is usually also a requirement that 2-inch annular seals be installed between each of the individual well casings. This requirement results in boreholes that must be 12 inches in diameter or larger. The increased cost of the larger boreholes quickly makes nested wells less attractive than clusters of individual wells, especially when the uncertainty of the annular seals is factored in. With the CMT System, the various monitoring channels are inside the CMT tubing. Thus, there is only one, smooth-walled tube within the borehole. The tubing is centered inside the borehole using Solinst&#8217;s low-profile centralizers, and 2-inch-thick annular seals can be installed easily and reliably in a single borehole as small as 5.6 inches in diameter.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Do CMT wells comply with state and county well construction standards?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Well construction standards vary from region to region, but CMT wells should be in full compliance with well construction standards in most areas. Many states and counties require a 2 inch annular seal between the well casing and borehole wall. That is easily achieved with CMT wells. Given the relatively small diameter of the system (1.6 inches), the requirement for a 2 inch seal is met by installing the system in a borehole that is 5.6 inches in diameter or larger. Low-profile centralizers ensure that CMT wells are centered in the borehole and that the sealing material fills the space surrounding the CMT tubing evenly.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;What is the purge volume of the various CMT channels per foot of tubing?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;The outer 6 pie-shaped channels of the CMT tubing each hold 40 ml of fluid per linear foot of tubing. The central channel holds approximately 30 ml per linear foot.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Why is the CMT System less expensive than other multilevel systems?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;There are a couple of reasons for this. First, the tubing is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which is an inexpensive material that is commonly used for environmental sampling. Second, there are no joints in the tubing; the tubing is continuous from the ground surface to the bottom of the borehole. Joints increase the cost of monitoring wells because they require sophisticated design and careful machining to maintain tensile strength and prevent leakage.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;What papers or guidance documents have been published that describe the CMT System?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Several papers describing the CMT multilevel monitoring system have been published and more are being published all the time. The most complete description of the CMT System is contained in a technical paper published in the Fall 2002 issue of Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson and Cherry, 2002). Note, however, that several improvements to the system have been made since that paper was written. The CMT System is also described in the American Petroleum Institute&#8217;s 2000 guidance document titled \\&#8221;Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates\\&#8221;. These documents and others can be downloaded from the Papers section of our website.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Does the Waterloo Multilevel System have any advantages over the CMT System?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Yes, the Waterloo System is more suitable for deeper applications, applications that require special materials, such as stainless steel or Teflon and for applications which require dedicated pumps and pressure transducers in up to 8 zones.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;I don&#8217;t have room at my job site to lay out the tubing in order to mark and install the intake ports and well screens. What other options do I have?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;For long lengths of tubing, e.g. greater than 100 feet, it is often impractical to lay the tubing on the ground at the job site in order to mark and install the various intake ports and well screens. We recommend that you mark the locations of the ports on the tubing ahead of time and bring the coiled CMT tubing to the jobsite. You can then install the ports and well screens at the proper locations as you are lowering the CMT tubing into the borehole. Alternatively, the CMT System can be built anywhere that room is available, then coiled and transported to the site.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Why is the CMT tubing not available in larger diameters?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;We explored making the CMT tubing in larger diameters, but found that doing so had undesirable results. First, increasing the diameter of the tubing resulted in a decrease in the collapse strength of the tubing. Second, the larger-diameter tubing was more difficult to coil, and could not be coiled in diameters small enough to ship with common carriers. Rather than make the tubing larger, we developed water level measuring tapes and sampling pumps that would easily fit down all of the channels of the existing CMT tubing. See Model 101M and Model 102 Water Level Meters.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;What is the history of the CMT System?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;The CMT system was originally developed by Murray Einarson while he was a graduate student at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. At the time Murray was a partner in the California-based company, Precision Sampling, which retained ownership of the CMT patent rights until Precision was sold to Conor Pacific Environmental in 1998. In 1999, Murray obtained sole ownership of the patent rights from Conor Pacific and signed an agreement with Solinst, giving them exclusive world-wide rights to manufacture and sell the system. Since that time, Solinst has further developed the CMT System, designing reliable mechanical seals for each channel, a guide point port to allow easy access to the central channel, and a set of specialized tools to simplify system assembly.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;How many CMT wells have been installed to date?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Thousands of CMT wells have been installed on four continents around the world. CMT wells have been installed in most states in the US and in Canada, the UK, Italy, Singapore, and South Africa.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Can CMT wells be used for soil gas sampling?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Yes. Special fittings are available to collect soil gas samples from all channels of the CMT tubing. Contact us for details.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;What kind of hydraulic tests can I perform in CMT wells?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;CMT wells make ideal multilevel observation wells during groundwater pumping tests. Hydraulic tests have also been performed in the wells themselves. Most tests performed in CMT wells performed to date have been slug tests where compressed air is used to depress the water level in the test zone. The compressed air is suddenly released, and the recovery of the interval is monitored by measuring the rising water level over time. Small diameter transducers greatly simplify monitoring of the water level recovery, especially in coarse-grained formations that recover quickly. A good source of information pertaining to hydraulic testing in small-diameter wells can be found at the University of Kansas website: http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Are groundwater samples collected from CMT wells as good as samples collected from 2-inch or 4-inch conventional monitoring wells?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Groundwater samples from CMT wells are not only as good as samples collected from traditional monitoring wells, they are usually better! Most importantly, samples from CMT wells are discrete samples from the aquifer, not composite samples typical of long-screened conventional monitoring wells. Consequently, if the concentration of a contaminant in a sample collected from a particular CMT channel is low, you can be confident that the concentration in the aquifer at that depth is indeed low, rather than being low because of dilution as may be the case with a conventional monitoring well. Additional discussion of the sampling biases associated with conventional monitoring wells and the technical advantages of multilevel groundwater monitoring is presented in our Papers Section. In addition, water samples collected from CMT wells are often less turbid than samples collected from conventional monitoring wells. The screen slot size and sand pack of a conventional monitoring well is often a compromise owing to the wide range of grain sizes present within the screened interval of most wells. The well screens and sand pack may be too small for the coarser fraction, but too large for the fine-grained layers within the screened zone. This leads to high levels of turbidity in the water samples since the fine-grained sediments are not effectively filtered by the well screens and sand pack. CMT wells, on the other hand, typically monitor short, discrete intervals in an aquifer. The well screen and sand pack in each monitored zone can be optimized for the grain size of the sediments within each interval. Each intake port in a CMT well can have a different well screen and sand pack size depending on the lithology of the aquifer materials in each monitored zone. This flexibility in well construction optimizes the filtration characteristics of the CMT well, resulting in clear, turbidity-free water samples. CMT wells have other advantages over conventional monitoring wells. First, the purge volume of CMT wells is very small. That means that there is less contaminated water requiring treatment or disposal during routine sampling. Take the case of a 4-zone CMT well that has ports at depths of 20, 40, 60, and 80 feet. Assuming that the static water level is 10 feet below the ground surface, the volume of water required to purge two times the \\&#8221;casing volume\\&#8221; of the four channels would be about 7 liters or less than 2 gallons! Second, CMT wells detect changes in piezometric pressure more accurately than traditional monitoring wells. Two- or 4-inch-diameter monitoring wells store a lot of water compared to the individual channels in a CMT well. The large amount of water stored in a conventional monitoring well means that the well will be slow to respond to changes in piezometric pressure in the aquifer. This is especially true in low-yield formations, where weeks and even months may be required to fill the well casings to the static water level. CMT wells, on the other hand, respond and equilibrate quickly because of the low volume of the various channels.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;How are CMT wells different than \\&#8221;nested wells\\&#8221;?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;CMT wells are indeed very different than \\&#8221;nested wells\\&#8221;. In fact, the CMT System was designed in part because of the problems inherent with nested wells. Nested wells are multilevel wells that have multiple casings in a single borehole. That type of well construction was popular in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, the use of nested wells is strongly discouraged by US EPA and other regulatory agencies because of the many documented cases where poor seals between the casings led to cross-connection of the various monitored zones.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->Most boreholes are not perfectly straight or plumb, and the casings inevitably end up lying against each other in some portions of the borehole. Bentonite pellets and\/or cement grouts may not completely fill in the spaces between the casings, resulting in void spaces that allow cross-communication between the different monitoring zones. In areas where nested wells are still allowed, there are usually requirements that spacers be used to keep the various casings apart in the borehole. There is usually also a requirement that 2-inch annular seals be installed between each of the individual well casings. This requirement results in boreholes that must be 12 inches in diameter or larger. The increased cost of the larger boreholes quickly makes nested wells less attractive than clusters of individual wells, especially when the uncertainty of the annular seals is factored in. With the CMT System, the various monitoring channels are inside the CMT tubing. Thus, there is only one, smooth-walled tube within the borehole. The tubing is centered inside the borehole using Solinst&#8217;s low-profile centralizers, and 2-inch-thick annular seals can be installed easily and reliably in a single borehole as small as 5.6 inches in diameter.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Do CMT wells comply with state and county well construction standards?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Well construction standards vary from region to region, but CMT wells should be in full compliance with well construction standards in most areas. Many states and counties require a 2 inch annular seal between the well casing and borehole wall. That is easily achieved with CMT wells. Given the relatively small diameter of the system (1.6 inches), the requirement for a 2 inch seal is met by installing the system in a borehole that is 5.6 inches in diameter or larger. Low-profile centralizers ensure that CMT wells are centered in the borehole and that the sealing material fills the space surrounding the CMT tubing evenly.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Are CMT wells accepted by regulators? How do I convince my regulator that the System yields reliable data?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Based on what we hear, an emphatic YES! However, the system is still new to many people, including many State and local regulators. Once they are introduced to the system, though, most regulators whole-heartedly support the use of CMT wells. They look forward to the better plume definition afforded with multi-level monitoring, especially compared to the composite samples from long-screened monitoring wells that they have had to settle for in the past. A common concern expressed by the regulatory community is the integrity of the borehole annular seals that prevent vertical movement of groundwater between different zones. This is one of the key advantages of the CMT System. Unlike nested wells where several casings are placed in a single borehole, there is only one casing &#8211; or more accurately, one tube &#8211; in the borehole with the CMT System. This simplifies the installation and improves the reliability of annular seals installed between the various monitored zones. Another concern expressed by some regulators is the quality of the groundwater samples collected from CMT wells. Until recently, the only way to sample CMT wells was with a Peristaltic Pump or Mini Inertial Pump. Now Solinst has a Micro Double Valve Pump and sample integrity is no longer an issue. Several government and university studies show that pneumatic pumps like the Micro Double Valve pump yield very high quality groundwater samples. The best way to inform your regulator of the advantages of multilevel monitoring using the CMT System is to direct them to the recently published paper on the CMT System authored by its inventors, Murray Einarson and John Cherry. That paper (Einarson and Cherry, GWMR Fall 2002) can be downloaded from our website.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;What papers or guidance documents have been published that describe the CMT System?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Several papers describing the CMT multilevel monitoring system have been published and more are being published all the time. The most complete description of the CMT system is contained in a technical paper published in the fall 2002 issue of Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson and Cherry, 2002). Note, however, that several improvements to the system have been made since that paper was written. The CMT system is also described in the American Petroleum Institute&#8217;s 2000 guidance document titled \\&#8221;Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates.\\&#8221; These documents and others can be downloaded from the Papers section of our website.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;What is the maximum depth that CMT wells can be installed?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;CMT wells have been installed to a maximum depth of 260 feet. Stock coil lengths are 100 ft, 200 ft &amp; 300 ft. On special order 400 ft coils are available.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Can segments of the CMT tubing be coupled together?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;No. The system is designed to be installed in one continuous length, thus eliminating the possibility of leakage at joints.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;What if I don&#8217;t want to monitor seven zones? Do I have to use all the channels?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;No. You can use as many or as few as you like. Unused channels do not affect the rest of the CMT System. Some people use two channels to monitor a single zone. They dedicate one of the channels to a Micro Double Valve Pump and use the other channel for measuring water levels. If you use two channels to monitor a single zone, however, you will reduce the number of discrete zones that you can monitor by 50%.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;What papers or guidance documents have been published that describe the CMT System?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Several papers describing the CMT multilevel monitoring system have been published and more are being published all the time. The most complete description of the CMT system is contained in a technical paper published in the fall 2002 issue of Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson and Cherry, 2002). Note, however, that several improvements to the system have been made since that paper was written. The CMT system is also described in the American Petroleum Institute&#8217;s 2000 guidance document titled &#8217;Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates.'&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Is there a minimum borehole diameter that should be used for CMT wells?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;For installations where sand and bentonite pellets are poured into the borehole annulus from the ground surface, we recommend using CMT centralizers and a borehole diameter of at least 5 inches. That gives the well installer ample space to avoid bridging the sand and bentonite and allows easy access for the Solinst Tag Line. Solinst Double Acting Inflatable Packers are available, by special order, to seal 3\\&#8221;, 3.7\\&#8221; and 4\\&#8221; boreholes. Seven-channel CMT wells can be installed through direct-push casing having an inside diameter (ID) of 2 inches or larger. These installations rely on the formation collapsing around the CMT tubing.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;What kinds of drilling methods can be usd to install CMT wells?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;CMT wells have been installed in boreholes created with nearly all types of drilling equipment. A summary of Drilling Methods &amp; Techniques for installing CMT wells in Unconsolidated Aquifers can be found in the Papers &amp; Information section of the Solinst website.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;How do I find a drilling contractor who has experience installing CMT wells?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;A listing of drilling contractors who have experience installing CMT wells is included on our website. If you have a contractor that you would like to work with but who has not yet installed a CMT well, please have the contractor contact Solinst to explain the various options for installing CMT wells with different types of drilling equipment. We are happy to assist you and\/or your contractor to make sure that your CMT wells are installed successfully. Telephone support is available at no cost. On-site training for you and\/or your contractor is available for a small additional fee necessary to cover our time and travel costs.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;I&#8217;ve seen pictures of the CMT System installed with bentonite packers. Are they available from Solinst?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Prototype bentonite packers were used during the initial development and testing of the CMT system. Those bentonite seals, which are described in the 2002 Einarson and Cherry paper, proved to be too difficult and time-consuming to construct in the field. Therefore, we recommend that all annular materials, including sand pack and bentonite seals, be poured from the surface in conjunction with CMT System Centralizers.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;I&#8217;ve heard that inflatable packers exist that allow for temporary or permanent installations in bedrock aquifers. How do they work?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;We have developed Double-Acting Inflatable Packers that are used to seal the annular space between the CMT tubing and the borehole wall in bedrock installations. They are \\&#8221;double acting\\&#8221; in that the inside of the packers expand along with the outside of the packers. By applying a small vacuum to the packers, the inner gland expands slightly. The packers then slide easily over the CMT tubing and can be positioned where needed. When the vacuum is released, the inner gland retracts, securing the packers to the CMT tubing. Clamps are attached to the packers to ensure that they don&#8217;t move when the well is inserted into the borehole. An inflation tube connects to each of the packers and extends to the ground surface. When the CMT well is fully inserted, the packers are inflated with air, nitrogen, or water. Inflating the packers seals both the borehole annulus and the space between the CMT tubing and the packers. An advantage of this system is that the packers can be deflated and the system removed when monitoring is no longer needed.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Can I install CMT wells with direct-push equipment?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Yes. Many DP contractors are installing 7-Channel CMT wells. The wells are typically installed inside of probe rods equipped with disposable drive points. Once the probe rods have been advanced to the desired depth, the CMT tubing is inserted. Then, the probe rods are retracted, leaving the CMT well in the ground. Most of these installations have been in sandy formations where the soil collapses around the CMT tubing when the probe rods are retracted. Installations in formations that do not collapse are more difficult, especially with small-diameter probe rods. The small inside diameter of the probe rods leaves little space to pour annular materials (i.e. sand and bentonite pellets) from the ground surface.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;What is the best way to install sand packs and annular seals between the various monitored zones?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;The best way to install sand pack and annular seals is by pouring them into the borehole annulus from the surface or using a tremie pipe. When installing 7-Channel CMT wells this way, we suggest that you have a borehole no smaller than 5 inches in diameter. A borehole 5 inches in diameter or larger allows plenty of room for sand and bentonite pellets to fall to the bottom of the borehole without bridging. Also, be sure to use Solinst&#8217;s low-profile centralizers to keep the CMT tubing centered in the borehole. These centralizers have been designed to minimize the likelihood of bridging the annular materials when building the well. Also, you may want to use an Anchor Plate to keep the CMT from rising up in the borehole, especially when drive casing (if used) is incrementally withdrawn from the borehole. The Anchor Plate is bolted directly to the Guide Point Port. After you have inserted the CMT well to the bottom of the hole, place a sandpack across the deepest monitoring zone by pouring sand into the annulus until it comes up to the level specified in your well construction design diagram. Be sure to measure the depth of the sand pack frequently with Solinst&#8217;s Model 103 Tag Line while you are pouring the sand. This ensures that you don&#8217;t bring the sand pack too high up in the borehole. Once the sand pack is above the bottom monitoring port, pour bentonite pellets to make a seal between the bottom monitoring zone and the overlying one. Contractors have reported good success using coated bentonite pellets for the annular seals. Pour the pellets slowly, and measure the depth of the seal frequently with the tag line to avoid adding too much bentonite. Continue adding alternating layers of sand pack and bentonite seals as described above, up to the levels specified in your well construction design diagram. Additional information about constructing CMT wells is presented in our Model 403 CMT Installation Manual (available on our site).&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;I don&#8217;t have room at my job site to lay out the tubing in order to mark and install the intake ports and well screens. What other options do I have?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;For long lengths of tubing, e.g. greater than 100 feet, it is often impractical to lay the tubing on the ground at the job site in order to mark and install the various intake ports and well screens. We recommend that you mark the locations of the ports on the tubing ahead of time and bring the coiled CMT tubing to the jobsite. You can then install the ports and well screens at the proper locations as you are lowering the CMT tubing into the borehole. Alternatively, the CMT System can be built anywhere that room is available, then coiled and transported to the site.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;How do I decommission CMT wells?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;CMT wells can be pressure grouted using a bentonite or cement slurry. The injected fluid will fill each CMT channel and the sand pack adjacent to each intake port. CMT wells can also be over drilled if necessary.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;What is the purge volume of the various CMT channels per foot of tubing?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;The outer 6 pie-shaped channels of the CMT tubing each hold about 40 ml of fluid per linear foot of tubing. The central channel holds approximately 30 ml per linear foot.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;What if I don&#8217;t want to monitor seven zones? Do I have to use all the channels?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;No. You can use as many or as few as you like. Unused channels do not affect the rest of the CMT System. Some people use two channels to monitor a single zone. They dedicate one of the channels to a Micro Double Valve Pump and use the other channel for measuring water levels. If you use two channels to monitor a single zone, however, you will reduce the number of discrete zones that you can monitor by 50%.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;How do I measure water levels inside CMT wells?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Water levels can be measured with Solinst&#8217;s Model 101 or Model 102 small-diameter water level tapes. If continuous recording of water levels is desired, you can install Solinst&#8217;s Model PDCR 35\/D Druck transducers. The transducers can be connected to a wellhead datalogger or a telemetry unit for remote reading from a central data collection center. These transducers will only fit inside the outer channels and not the narrower center channel.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;What are the best ways to purge and sample CMT wells?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;You basically have 3 choices for purging and sampling in narrow diameter applications. The Model 410 Peristaltic Pump can be used where the suction lift is less than 25 ft (7.5 m). Solinst&#8217;s Mini Inertial Pump (MIP) can also be used. The MIP uses 1\/4\\&#8221; (6mm) dia. riser tubing fitted with a \\&#8221;push-in\\&#8221; foot valve. Repeated up and down strokes brings the sample to surface from depths up to 150 ft. (46m). Purge &amp; sampling can also be done with the Model 408M Micro Double Valve pump which is ideal for low flow sampling. The 408M is made of 3\/8\\&#8221; (10mm) dia. flexible coaxial tubing available in LDPE for use to 50 ft. (15m) or Teflon for use down to 150 ft. (46m) The 408M uses a drive gas which is delivered through a controller.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Are there any chemical affects of biases associated with the polyethylene tubing or other parts of the CMT system?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;There are chemical biases associated with all types of groundwater monitoring wells and sampling pumps. Potential chemical biases associated with the CMT system relate to (1) the use of polyethylene tubing and (2) the sampling devices used to collect water samples. Hydrophobic organic contaminants can sorb to the polyethylene tubing, potentially causing a negative sampling bias. In some situations, those same compounds can diffuse through the polyethylene, either from outside of the well or from adjacent channels, potentially causing a positive sampling bias in some channels. Potential biases with hydrophyllic contaminants, e.g. MTBE or most inorganic compounds is minimal. A thorough discussion of these potential sampling biases is presented in the Einarson and Cherry Paper describing the CMT system that was published in the Fall 2002 issue of Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;Are groundwater samples collected from CMT wells as good as samples collected from 2-inch or 4-inch conventional monitoring wells?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Groundwater samples from CMT wells are not only as good as samples collected from traditional monitoring wells, they are usually better! Most importantly, samples from CMT wells are discrete samples from the aquifer, not composite samples typical of long-screened conventional monitoring wells. Consequently, if the concentration of a contaminant in a sample collected from a particular CMT channel is low, you can be confident that the concentration in the aquifer at that depth is indeed low, rather than being low because of dilution as may be the case with a conventional monitoring well. Additional discussion of the sampling biases associated with conventional monitoring wells and the technical advantages of multilevel groundwater monitoring is presented in our Papers Section. In addition, water samples collected from CMT wells are often less turbid than samples collected from conventional monitoring wells. The screen slot size and sand pack of a conventional monitoring well is often a compromise owing to the wide range of grain sizes present within the screened interval of most wells. The well screens and sand pack may be too small for the coarser fraction, but too large for the fine-grained layers within the screened zone. This leads to high levels of turbidity in the water samples since the fine-grained sediments are not effectively filtered by the well screens and sand pack. CMT wells, on the other hand, typically monitor short, discrete intervals in an aquifer. The well screen and sand pack in each monitored zone can be optimized for the grain size of the sediments within each interval. Each intake port in a CMT well can have a different well screen and sand pack size depending on the lithology of the aquifer materials in each monitored zone. This flexibility in well construction optimizes the filtration characteristics of the CMT well, resulting in clear, turbidity-free water samples. CMT wells have other advantages over conventional monitoring wells. First, the purge volume of CMT wells is very small. That means that there is less contaminated water requiring treatment or disposal during routine sampling. Take the case of a 4-zone CMT well that has ports at depths of 20, 40, 60, and 80 feet. Assuming that the static water level is 10 feet below the ground surface, the volume of water required to purge two times the \\&#8221;casing volume\\&#8221; of the four channels would be about 13 liters or less than 3.5 gallons! Second, CMT wells detect changes in piezometric pressure more accurately than traditional monitoring wells. Two- or 4-inch-diameter monitoring wells store a lot of water compared to the individual channels in a CMT well. The large amount of water stored in a conventional monitoring well means that the well will be slow to respond to changes in piezometric pressure in the aquifer. This is especially true in low-yield formations, where weeks and even months may be required to recharge the well casings to the static water level. CMT wells, on the other hand, respond and equilibrate quickly because of the low volume of the various channels.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;I have flowing artesian conditions at my site. Do you have a way to plug and sample the ports at the wellhead?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;Yes. Special expansion plugs are available to seal the various channels at the wellhead. The plugs have optional valves which allow you to collect groundwater samples simply by opening the valves. Pressure gauges can also be attached to the plugs at the wellhead in order to measure the piezometric pressures in each monitored zone.&#8221;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Question&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;name&#8221;: &#8221;How do I develop CMT wells?&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    &#8221;acceptedAnswer&#8221;: {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;@type&#8221;: &#8221;Answer&#8221;,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      &#8221;text&#8221;: &#8221;We have had good success purging the wells with Peristaltic Pumps and Mini Inertial Pumps. You cannot, of course, develop CMT wells the way you would a water supply well, but that type of rigorous development isn&#8217;t required with small-diameter monitoring wells. The goal of developing CMT wells, which is usually easily achieved, is to establish hydraulic connection with the formation. The well won&#8217;t be 100% efficient, but the hydraulic head values measured in the well will be accurate, and the well will yield more than enough water to sample (assuming that the formation is reasonably permeable). If you added water when drilling the borehole or constructing the well, the best way of dealing with this is to simply wait several days for the water you&#8217;ve added to \\&#8221;drift\\&#8221; down gradient. For sites with typical groundwater velocities (0.5 to 2 feet per day), the water added during drilling and\/or well construction will have drifted away from the CMT intake ports in several days. If the water added during drilling has a different electrical conductivity (EC) than the formation water, you can monitor the EC in water pumped from the well to confirm that the drill water is gone. Some consultants have added potassium bromide (an inert tracer commonly used in groundwater research) as a tracer to the drill\/construction water and then monitored the purge water in the CMT well with a bromide-specific electrode to verify that the drill water is no longer in the vicinity of the CMT well prior to collecting samples. 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