{"id":78554,"date":"2024-10-28T20:43:22","date_gmt":"2024-10-28T20:43:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/vanliga-fragor\/"},"modified":"2026-01-20T19:20:32","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T19:20:32","slug":"vanliga-fragor","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/sv\/produkter\/flernivasystem\/403-cmt-flernivasystem\/vanliga-fragor\/","title":{"rendered":"VANLIGA FR\u00c5GOR"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;H1 and breadcrumbs&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;9px||0px||false|false&#8221; sticky_position=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_limit_bottom=&#8221;body&#8221; background_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; sticky_position_tablet=&#8221;none&#8221; sticky_position_phone=&#8221;none&#8221; sticky_position_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1600px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;12px||0px||false|false&#8221; sticky_position=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_limit_bottom=&#8221;body&#8221; sticky_position_tablet=&#8221;none&#8221; sticky_position_phone=&#8221;none&#8221; sticky_position_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||5px|||&#8221; header_text_align_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_text_align_phone=&#8221;&#8221; header_text_align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;22px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1 role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"1\" data-uw-rm-heading=\"level\">CMT Multilevel System FAQ: Ofta st\u00e4llda fr\u00e5gor<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_breadcrumbs disabled_on=&#8221;on|off|off&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;breadcrumbs below landing pages with mobile view off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; home_icon_text_color=&#8221;#d6d6d6&#8243; global_module=&#8221;4283&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/dsm_breadcrumbs][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Mobile-Only Nav with Offset&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;4759a92f-4b27-4854-bb2c-299854634e93&#8243; display_conditions=&#8221;W10=&#8221; sticky_offset_top=&#8221;127px&#8221; global_module=&#8221;2935&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;90%&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||true|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code admin_label=&#8221;403 Mobile Nav &#8211; V\u00e4lj rullgardinsmeny&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_css_free_form=&#8221;select {||||      font-size: 1em; \/* Adjust font size *\/||      padding: 10px;   \/* Optional: Increase padding for better spacing *\/||      width: 100%;||      box-sizing: border-box;\/* Optional: Adjust width to fit the container *\/||      height: 50px;||}||||    \/* Style for dropdown options (fallback if needed) *\/||select option {||      font-size: 1.2em; \/* Ensures option text matches select styling *\/||      width: 100%;||    }&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<select name=\"dropdown\" onchange=\"location = this.value;\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"\">403 CMT Multilevel Systems Meny<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/\">403 CMT Multilevel Systems Huvudsida<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/products\/multilevel-systems-and-remediation\/403-cmt-multilevel-system\/get-quote.php\">F\u00e5 en offert<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/Forms\/sol.php\">Skicka information till mig<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/why-multilevels\/\">Varf\u00f6r Multilevels?<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/why-multilevels\/what-is-a-multilevel-system\/\">Vad \u00e4r ett Multilevel System?<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/products\/multilevel-systems-and-remediation\/why-multilevels\/flash-demo.php\">Multilevel-teknik (videodemo)<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/why-multilevels\/multilevel-system-comparison\/\">J\u00e4mf\u00f6relse av flerniv\u00e5system<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/\">Datablad<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/applications-advantages-of-cmt-multilevel-systems\/\">-Anv\u00e4ndningsomr\u00e5den och f\u00f6rdelar med CMT<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/multichannel-tubing\/\">-Flerkanalig slang<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/seals-and-sand-packs\/\">-S\u00e4lar och sandpaket<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/multilevel-monitoring-is-essential\/\">-Det \u00e4r viktigt med flera niv\u00e5er<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/cmt-monitoring-options\/\">-\u00d6vervakningsalternativ<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/cmt-field-applications\/\">-Fieldtill\u00e4mpningar<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/datasheet\/cmt-contractors-training-program\/\">-Utbildningsprogram<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/products\/multilevel-systems-and-remediation\/403-cmt-multilevel-system\/operating-instructions\/\">Instruktioner<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/\">-CMT Multilevel System monteringsanvisning<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/pre-installation-requirements\/\">&#8211;Krav f\u00f6re installation<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/introduction\/\">&#8211;Introduktion<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/preparing-for-cmt-installation\/\">&#8211;F\u00f6rberedelser<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/assembling-standard-cmt-systems\/\">-Montering av standard CMT-system<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/marking-and-cutting-cmt-tubing\/\">&#8211;M\u00e4rkning och kapning av slangen<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/403-manual-cutting-outer-ports-and-vent-holes\/\">&#8211;Klippning av yttre portar och ventilationsh\u00e5l<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/configuring-tubing-bottom\/\">&#8211;Konfiguration av r\u00f6rbotten<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/attaching-cmt-tubing-centralizers\/\">&#8211;F\u00e4stning av slangcentraler<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/cmt-multilevel-system-placement\/\">&#8211;CMT Placering<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/attaching-cmt-standard-wellhead\/\">&#8211;F\u00e4stning av standardbrunnhuvud<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/optional-cmt-multi-purge-manifold-assembly\/\">&#8211;Optionell Mult-Purge Manifold Assembly<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/monitoring-options\/\">&#8211;Optioner f\u00f6r \u00f6vervakning<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/cmt-specifications\/\">&#8211;CMT Specifikationer och \u00f6verv\u00e4ganden<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/intallationterms-and-conditions\/\">&#8211;Termer och villkor<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-multilevel-system-assembly-manual\/table-of-contents\/\">&#8211;Inneh\u00e5llsf\u00f6rteckning<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\t<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/\">-Narrow CMT Multilevel System monteringsanvisning<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/pre-installation-requirements\/\">&#8211;Krav f\u00f6re installation<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/introduction\/\">&#8211;Introduktion<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/preparation\/\">&#8211;F\u00f6rberedelser<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/assembling-standard-403n-narrow-cmt-systems\/\">-Montering av standard CMT flerv\u00e5ningssystem<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/marking-narrow-cmt-tubing\/\">&#8211;M\u00e4rkning av CMT-slang<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/cutting-ports-and-vent-holes\/\">&#8211;Klippning av portar och ventilationsh\u00e5l<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/configuring-the-bottom-of-narrow-cmt-tubing\/\">&#8211;Konfiguration av CMT-slangens undersida<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/narrow-cmt-placement\/\">&#8211;Smal CMT-placering<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/attaching-standard-wellhead\/\">&#8211;F\u00e4stning av standardbrunnhuvud<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/optional-flow-control-monitoring-assembly\/\">&#8211;Optionell \u00f6vervakningsenhet f\u00f6r fl\u00f6deskontroll<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/optional-multi-purge-manifold-assembly\/\">&#8211;Optionell Multi-Purge Manifold Assembly<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"CMT Installation with Sand and Bentonite Cartridges\">&#8211;CMT-installation med sand- och bentonitpatroner<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/cmt-installation-design-example\/\">&#8211;Installationsdesign exempel<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/preparing-sand-and-bentonite-cartridges\/\">&#8211;Sand- och bentonitpatronberedning<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/sand-bentonite-cartridge-installation\/\">&#8211;Installation av sand- och bentonitpatroner<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/narrow-cut-port-assembly\/\">&#8211;Smal CMT-portmontering<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/installing-narrow-cmt-sand-cartridges\/\">&#8211;Installation av smala CMT-sandkassetter<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/installing-spring-cartridges\/\">&#8211;Installation av smala CMT-fj\u00e4derkassetter<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/monitoring-options\/\">&#8211;CMT Alternativ f\u00f6r \u00f6vervakning av system p\u00e5 flera niv\u00e5er<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/terms-and-conditions\/\">&#8211;Termer och villkor<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/403n-narrow-cmt-assembly-manual\/table-of-contents\/\">&#8211;Inneh\u00e5llsf\u00f6rteckning<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/purge-and-grout-adaptor-instructions-109095\/\">-Purge \/ Grout Adaptor Bruksanvisning<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/constructing-dual-cmt-ports\/\">-Konstruktion av dubbla CMT-portar<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/summary-of-drilling-methods-and-techniques\/\">-Sammanst\u00e4llning av borrmetoder och borrteknik<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/operating-instructions\/cmt-specifications-and-considerations\/\">-CMT Specifikationer och \u00f6verv\u00e4ganden<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-faq\/\">VANLIGA FR\u00c5GOR<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/technical-bulletins-and-case-studies\/\">Utbildade CMT-entrepren\u00f6rer<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/products\/multilevel-systems-and-remediation\/403-cmt-multilevel-system\/cmt-contractor-form.php\">-Bli en utbildad entrepren\u00f6r<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/technical-bulletins-and-case-studies\/\">Tekniska bulletiner och fallstudier<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/technical-bulletins-and-case-studies\/high-resolution-vapor-intrusion-monitoring\/\">-CMT f\u00f6r h\u00f6guppl\u00f6st \u00f6vervakning av \u00e5ngintr\u00e4ngning<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/technical-bulletins-and-case-studies\/sampling-in-multilevels-options-and-helpful-hints\/\">-Sampling i flera niv\u00e5er: Alternativ och anv\u00e4ndbara tips<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/technical-bulletins-and-case-studies\/cmd-systems-for-the-lust-market\/\">CMT-system f\u00f6r LUST-marknaden<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/403-cmt-multilevel-systems\/technical-bulletins-and-case-studies\/cmt-vapor-monitoring\/\">-CMT \u00d6vervakning av \u00e5ngor<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><option value=\"https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/multilevel-systems\/\">Flerniv\u00e5system<\/option><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/select>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; specialty=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;5a5bca26-a9a5-4e6c-8fca-d64da3bdcd40&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; 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_module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; display_conditions=&#8221;W10=&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/downloads.solinst.com\/free-shipping?utm_source=solinst&#038;utm_medium=WC-global-sidebar-position1&#038;utm_campaign=free-shipping&#8221; global_module=&#8221;53188&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_slide button_text=&#8221;F\u00f6rdelar med att anv\u00e4nda vattenfl\u00f6jt&#8221; button_link=&#8221;https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/sv\/produkter\/solinst-flojt\/405-vattenflojt\/?utm_source=solinst&amp;utm_medium=WC-global-sidebar-position1&amp;utm_campaign=405-water-flute&#8221; use_bg_overlay=&#8221;on&#8221; bg_overlay_color=&#8221;rgba(224,97,0,0.58)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#F07C00&#8243; background_enable_color=&#8221;on&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/405-water-flute-multilevel-groundwater-system-installation.webp&#8221; background_enable_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_center&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#f58025&#8243; button_border_width=&#8221;2px&#8221; button_border_radius=&#8221;20px&#8221; button_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; background_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_transition=&#8221;on&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Diskret \u00f6vervakning av grundvatten p\u00e5 djupet<\/h2>\n<p><b>Minska kostnader och f\u00e4lttid<\/b><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_slider][et_pb_slider disabled_on=&#8221;on|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/instruments\/groundwater-samplers\/410-peristaltic-pumps\/?utm_source=solinst&#038;utm_medium=WC-global-sidebar-position2&#038;utm_campaign=410-101d&#8221; disabled=&#8221;on&#8221; global_module=&#8221;53561&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_slide heading=&#8221;Automatiserad pumpning med DrawDown-l\u00e4ge&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Ny peristaltisk pump Mk5&#8243; button_link=&#8221;https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/sv\/produkter\/provtagare-for-grundvatten\/410-peristaltiska-pumpar\/?utm_source=solinst&amp;utm_medium=WC-global-sidebar-position2&amp;utm_campaign=410-101d&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;on&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/101d-water-level-drawdown-meter-2-965&#215;500-1.webp&#8221; background_enable_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_size=&#8221;contain&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#f58025&#8243; button_border_width=&#8221;2px&#8221; button_border_radius=&#8221;20px&#8221; button_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; button_custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; button_custom_padding=&#8221;1px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;76px||||false|false&#8221; header_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_transition=&#8221;on&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2\/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_slider][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; specialty_columns=&#8221;3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_row_inner custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;3676f7e6-7b83-4698-94ce-2cc9fa9ae43d&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; sticky_position=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_limit_bottom=&#8221;body&#8221; motion_trigger_start=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_position_tablet=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_position_phone=&#8221;none&#8221; sticky_position_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; sticky_offset_top_tablet=&#8221;127px&#8221; sticky_offset_top_phone=&#8221;133px&#8221; sticky_offset_top_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; sticky_offset_surrounding_tablet=&#8221;off&#8221; sticky_offset_surrounding_phone=&#8221;off&#8221; sticky_offset_surrounding_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; sticky_limit_bottom=&#8221;section&#8221; sticky_position_tablet=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_position_phone=&#8221;top&#8221; sticky_position_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; sticky_offset_top_tablet=&#8221;133px&#8221; sticky_offset_top_phone=&#8221;&#8221; sticky_offset_top_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; sticky_limit_bottom_tablet=&#8221;none&#8221; sticky_limit_bottom_phone=&#8221;none&#8221; sticky_limit_bottom_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; sticky_offset_surrounding_tablet=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_offset_surrounding_phone=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_offset_surrounding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Vanliga fr\u00e5gor om CMT<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#general\" title=\"Allm\u00e4n bakgrund och specifikationer f\u00f6r CMT\">Allm\u00e4n bakgrund och specifikationer f\u00f6r CMT<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#applications\" title=\"Till\u00e4mpningar f\u00f6r CMT Multilevel-system\">Till\u00e4mpningar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#drilling\" title=\"Borrning och installation av CMT Multilevel-system\">Borrning och installation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#developing\" title=\"Utveckling, provtagning och \u00f6vervakning CMT Multilevel Systems\">Utveckling, provtagning, \u00f6vervakning<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner module_id=&#8221;general&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;3676f7e6-7b83-4698-94ce-2cc9fa9ae43d&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;general&#8221; module_id=&#8221;general&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Allm\u00e4n bakgrund och specifikationer f\u00f6r CMT<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_faq dsm_make_accordion_toggle=&#8221;on&#8221; dsm_animate_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;general faq&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;77be2b9f-999b-455f-afb8-d94da1ded8dc&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Kan segment av CMT-slangar kopplas ihop?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Nej. Systemet \u00e4r konstruerat f\u00f6r att installeras i en sammanh\u00e4ngande l\u00e4ngd, vilket eliminerar risken f\u00f6r l\u00e4ckage vid skarvar. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Accepteras CMT-brunnar av tillsynsmyndigheter? Hur \u00f6vertygar jag min tillsynsmyndighet om att systemet ger tillf\u00f6rlitliga data? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Baserat p\u00e5 vad vi h\u00f6r, ett eftertryckligt JA! Systemet \u00e4r dock fortfarande nytt f\u00f6r m\u00e5nga m\u00e4nniskor, inklusive m\u00e5nga statliga och lokala tillsynsmyndigheter. N\u00e4r de v\u00e4l har introducerats i systemet st\u00f6der dock de flesta tillsynsmyndigheter helhj\u00e4rtat anv\u00e4ndningen av CMT-brunnar. De ser fram emot att f\u00e5 en b\u00e4ttre definition av plymen med \u00f6vervakning p\u00e5 flera niv\u00e5er, s\u00e4rskilt j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med de sammansatta prover fr\u00e5n \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar med l\u00e5ng livsl\u00e4ngd som de tidigare har f\u00e5tt n\u00f6ja sig med. En vanlig fr\u00e5ga f\u00f6r tillsynsmyndigheterna \u00e4r integriteten hos borrh\u00e5lets ringformade t\u00e4tningar som f\u00f6rhindrar vertikal r\u00f6relse av grundvatten mellan olika zoner. Detta \u00e4r en av de viktigaste f\u00f6rdelarna med CMT-systemet. Till skillnad fr\u00e5n kapslade brunnar d\u00e4r flera foderr\u00f6r placeras i ett enda borrh\u00e5l, finns det bara ett foderr\u00f6r &#8211; eller mer exakt, ett r\u00f6r &#8211; i borrh\u00e5let med CMT-systemet. Detta f\u00f6renklar installationen och f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrar tillf\u00f6rlitligheten hos de ringformiga t\u00e4tningar som installeras mellan de olika \u00f6vervakade zonerna. En annan farh\u00e5ga som vissa tillsynsmyndigheter har uttryckt \u00e4r kvaliteten p\u00e5 de grundvattenprover som samlas in fr\u00e5n CMT-brunnarna. Det b\u00e4sta s\u00e4ttet att informera din tillsynsmyndighet om f\u00f6rdelarna med flerniv\u00e5\u00f6vervakning med CMT-systemet \u00e4r att h\u00e4nvisa dem till den nyligen publicerade artikeln om CMT-systemet, f\u00f6rfattad av dess uppfinnare Murray Einarson och John Cherry. Den artikeln (Einarson och Cherry, GWMR Fall 2002) kan laddas ner fr\u00e5n v\u00e5r webbplats.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Finns det n\u00e5gon kemisk p\u00e5verkan eller bias i samband med polyetylenslangarna eller andra delar av CMT-systemet?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>H\u00e4r finns kemiska bias som \u00e4r f\u00f6rknippade med alla typer av grundvatten\u00f6vervakningsbrunnar och provtagningspumpar. Potentiella kemiska bias i samband med CMT-systemet \u00e4r relaterade till (1) anv\u00e4ndningen av polyetenslangar och (2) de provtagningsanordningar som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att samla in vattenprover. Hydrofoba organiska f\u00f6roreningar kan sorberas till polyetylenslangarna, vilket kan orsaka en negativ provtagningsbias. I vissa situationer kan samma f\u00f6reningar diffundera genom polyetenet, antingen fr\u00e5n utsidan av brunnen eller fr\u00e5n intilliggande kanaler, vilket kan orsaka en positiv provtagningsbias i vissa kanaler. Potentiella bias med hydrofylliska f\u00f6roreningar, t.ex. MTBE eller de flesta oorganiska f\u00f6reningar, \u00e4r minimala. En ing\u00e5ende diskussion om dessa potentiella felaktigheter i provtagningen finns i Einarsons och Cherrys artikel om CMT-systemet, som publicerades i h\u00f6stnumret 2002 av Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation. (Se avsnittet %22Papers%22 p\u00e5 denna webbplats).      <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Varf\u00f6r \u00e4r systemet inte tillg\u00e4ngligt i Teflon\u00ae?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Vi unders\u00f6kte m\u00f6jligheten att tillverka CMT-slangar av teflon men f\u00f6rkastade den av ett par sk\u00e4l. F\u00f6r det f\u00f6rsta \u00e4r teflon en polymer som \u00e4r sv\u00e5r att arbeta med och det \u00e4r inte m\u00f6jligt att extrudera teflon i den form som det nuvarande CMT-systemet har. F\u00f6r det andra \u00e4r teflon mycket dyrt, vilket skulle driva upp kostnaden f\u00f6r CMT-systemet med s\u00e5 mycket som tio g\u00e5nger. Slutligen \u00e4r teflon inte immunt mot provtagningsbias; hydrofoba VOC kan diffundera genom v\u00e4ggarna i teflonslangar precis som de kan genom v\u00e4ggarna i polyetenslangar.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Hur skiljer sig CMT-brunnar fr\u00e5n %22n\u00e4stlade brunnar%22?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-brunnar \u00e4r verkligen mycket annorlunda \u00e4n %22kapslade brunnar%22. CMT-systemet konstruerades faktiskt delvis p\u00e5 grund av de problem som \u00e4r f\u00f6rknippade med kapslade brunnar. N\u00e4stlade brunnar \u00e4r brunnar med flera niv\u00e5er som har flera foderr\u00f6r i ett enda borrh\u00e5l. Denna typ av brunnskonstruktion var popul\u00e4r under 1970-talet och b\u00f6rjan av 1980-talet. US EPA och andra tillsynsmyndigheter avr\u00e5der dock starkt fr\u00e5n anv\u00e4ndning av kapslade brunnar p\u00e5 grund av de m\u00e5nga dokumenterade fall d\u00e4r d\u00e5liga t\u00e4tningar mellan foderr\u00f6ren har lett till korskoppling av de olika \u00f6vervakade zonerna.     De flesta borrh\u00e5l \u00e4r inte helt raka eller lodr\u00e4ta och foderr\u00f6ren kommer oundvikligen att ligga mot varandra i vissa delar av borrh\u00e5let. Bentonitpellets och\/eller cementinjekteringsbruk kanske inte fyller ut utrymmena mellan foderr\u00f6ren helt och h\u00e5llet, vilket resulterar i tomrum som m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r korskommunikation mellan de olika \u00f6vervakningszonerna. I omr\u00e5den d\u00e4r det fortfarande \u00e4r till\u00e5tet med kapslade brunnar finns det vanligtvis krav p\u00e5 att distansh\u00e5llare ska anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att h\u00e5lla is\u00e4r de olika foderr\u00f6ren i borrh\u00e5let. Det finns vanligtvis ocks\u00e5 ett krav p\u00e5 att 2-tums ringformade t\u00e4tningar ska installeras mellan varje enskilt brunnsr\u00f6r. Detta krav resulterar i borrh\u00e5l som m\u00e5ste vara 12 tum i diameter eller st\u00f6rre. Den \u00f6kade kostnaden f\u00f6r de st\u00f6rre borrh\u00e5len g\u00f6r att n\u00e4stlade brunnar snabbt blir mindre attraktiva \u00e4n kluster av enskilda brunnar, s\u00e4rskilt n\u00e4r man tar h\u00e4nsyn till os\u00e4kerheten i de ringformiga t\u00e4tningarna. Med CMT-systemet \u00e4r de olika \u00f6vervakningskanalerna placerade inuti CMT-slangen. Det finns allts\u00e5 bara ett enda, sl\u00e4tv\u00e4ggigt r\u00f6r i borrh\u00e5let. Slangen centreras inuti borrh\u00e5let med hj\u00e4lp av Solinsts l\u00e5gprofilerade centrerare, och 2 tum tjocka ringformade t\u00e4tningar kan installeras enkelt och tillf\u00f6rlitligt i ett enda borrh\u00e5l som \u00e4r s\u00e5 litet som 5,6 tum i diameter.        <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Uppfyller CMT-brunnarna statens och l\u00e4nets standarder f\u00f6r brunnsbyggnad?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Byggnormerna f\u00f6r brunnar varierar fr\u00e5n region till region, men CMT-brunnar b\u00f6r vara helt i \u00f6verensst\u00e4mmelse med byggnormerna f\u00f6r brunnar i de flesta omr\u00e5den. M\u00e5nga stater och l\u00e4n kr\u00e4ver en 2 tums ringformad t\u00e4tning mellan brunnsh\u00f6ljet och borrh\u00e5lsv\u00e4ggen. Detta \u00e4r l\u00e4tt att uppn\u00e5 med CMT-brunnar. Med tanke p\u00e5 systemets relativt lilla diameter (1,6 tum) uppfylls kravet p\u00e5 en 2-tums t\u00e4tning genom att installera systemet i ett borrh\u00e5l som \u00e4r 5,6 tum i diameter eller st\u00f6rre. L\u00e5gprofilerade centreringsanordningar s\u00e4kerst\u00e4ller att CMT-brunnarna \u00e4r centrerade i borrh\u00e5let och att t\u00e4tningsmaterialet fyller utrymmet runt CMT-r\u00f6ret j\u00e4mnt.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Vad \u00e4r reningsvolymen f\u00f6r de olika CMT-kanalerna per meter slang?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>De yttre 6 pajformade kanalerna i CMT-slangen rymmer vardera 40 ml v\u00e4tska per linj\u00e4r fot av slangen. Den centrala kanalen rymmer cirka 30 ml per linj\u00e4r fot. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Varf\u00f6r \u00e4r CMT-systemet billigare \u00e4n andra flerniv\u00e5system?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Det finns ett par sk\u00e4l till detta. F\u00f6r det f\u00f6rsta \u00e4r slangarna tillverkade av h\u00f6gdensitetspolyeten (HDPE), som \u00e4r ett billigt material som ofta anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r milj\u00f6provtagning. F\u00f6r det andra finns det inga skarvar i slangen; slangen \u00e4r kontinuerlig fr\u00e5n markytan till botten av borrh\u00e5let. Skarvar \u00f6kar kostnaden f\u00f6r \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar eftersom de kr\u00e4ver sofistikerad design och noggrann bearbetning f\u00f6r att bibeh\u00e5lla dragh\u00e5llfastheten och f\u00f6rhindra l\u00e4ckage.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Vilka artiklar eller v\u00e4gledningsdokument har publicerats som beskriver CMT-systemet?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Flera artiklar som beskriver CMT-systemet f\u00f6r flerniv\u00e5\u00f6vervakning har publicerats, och fler publiceras hela tiden. Den mest fullst\u00e4ndiga beskrivningen av CMT-systemet finns i ett tekniskt dokument som publicerades i h\u00f6stnumret 2002 av Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson och Cherry, 2002). Observera dock att flera f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttringar av systemet har gjorts sedan den artikeln skrevs. CMT-systemet beskrivs ocks\u00e5 i American Petroleum Institutes v\u00e4gledningsdokument fr\u00e5n 2000 med titeln %22Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates%22. Dessa dokument och andra kan laddas ned fr\u00e5n avsnittet Papers p\u00e5 v\u00e5r webbplats.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Har Waterloo Multilevel System n\u00e5gra f\u00f6rdelar j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med CMT-systemet?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Ja, Waterloo <\/span><a href=%22\/?page_id=2640%22 data-uw-rm-brl=%22PR%22 data-uw-original-href=%22https:\/\/www.solinst.com\/sv\/produkter\/flernivasystem\/401-waterloo-flervaningssystem\/%22>Waterloo-systemet<\/a><span> \u00e4r mer l\u00e4mpat f\u00f6r djupare applikationer, applikationer som kr\u00e4ver specialmaterial, t.ex. rostfritt st\u00e5l eller teflon, och f\u00f6r applikationer som kr\u00e4ver s\u00e4rskilda pumpar och tryckgivare i upp till 8 zoner.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Jag har inte plats p\u00e5 min arbetsplats f\u00f6r att l\u00e4gga ut slangarna f\u00f6r att markera och installera inloppsportarna och brunnssk\u00e4rmarna. Vilka andra alternativ har jag? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>F\u00f6r l\u00e5nga slangl\u00e4ngder, t.ex. mer \u00e4n 100 fot, \u00e4r det ofta opraktiskt att l\u00e4gga ut slangen p\u00e5 marken p\u00e5 arbetsplatsen f\u00f6r att markera och installera de olika intagsportarna och brunnsgallerna. Vi rekommenderar att du markerar portarnas placering p\u00e5 slangen i f\u00f6rv\u00e4g och tar med dig den upprullade CMT-slangen till arbetsplatsen. Du kan sedan installera portarna och brunnsgallerna p\u00e5 r\u00e4tt st\u00e4llen n\u00e4r du s\u00e4nker ned CMT-slangen i borrh\u00e5let. Alternativt kan CMT-systemet byggas var som helst d\u00e4r det finns plats, och sedan lindas upp och transporteras till arbetsplatsen.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Varf\u00f6r finns CMT-slangarna inte i st\u00f6rre diametrar?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Vi unders\u00f6kte m\u00f6jligheten att tillverka CMT-slangarna i st\u00f6rre diametrar, men fann att det gav o\u00f6nskade resultat. F\u00f6r det f\u00f6rsta ledde en \u00f6kning av slangens diameter till en minskning av slangens kollapsstyrka. F\u00f6r det andra var slangarna med st\u00f6rre diameter sv\u00e5rare att linda och kunde inte lindas i diametrar som var tillr\u00e4ckligt sm\u00e5 f\u00f6r att skickas med vanliga transport\u00f6rer. I st\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att g\u00f6ra slangarna st\u00f6rre utvecklade vi m\u00e4tband f\u00f6r vattenniv\u00e5 och provtagningspumpar som l\u00e4tt skulle f\u00e5 plats i alla kanaler i de befintliga CMT-slangarna. Se vattenniv\u00e5m\u00e4tare modell 101M och modell 102.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Vad \u00e4r CMT-systemets historia?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-systemet utvecklades ursprungligen av Murray Einarson medan han var doktorand vid University of Waterloo i Ontario, Kanada. Vid den tiden var Murray del\u00e4gare i det Kalifornienbaserade f\u00f6retaget Precision Sampling, som beh\u00f6ll \u00e4gander\u00e4tten till CMT-patentr\u00e4ttigheterna tills Precision s\u00e5ldes till Conor Pacific Environmental 1998. \u00c5r 1999 fick Murray ensam \u00e4gander\u00e4tt till patentr\u00e4ttigheterna fr\u00e5n Conor Pacific och tecknade ett avtal med Solinst, vilket gav dem exklusiva v\u00e4rldsomsp\u00e4nnande r\u00e4ttigheter att tillverka och s\u00e4lja systemet. Sedan dess har Solinst vidareutvecklat CMT-systemet genom att konstruera tillf\u00f6rlitliga mekaniska t\u00e4tningar f\u00f6r varje kanal, en styrpunktsport f\u00f6r enkel \u00e5tkomst till den centrala kanalen och en upps\u00e4ttning specialverktyg som f\u00f6renklar monteringen av systemet.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Hur m\u00e5nga CMT-brunnar har installerats hittills?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Tusentals CMT-brunnar har installerats p\u00e5 fyra kontinenter runt om i v\u00e4rlden. CMT-brunnar har installerats i de flesta delstater i USA samt i Kanada, Storbritannien, Italien, Singapore och Sydafrika. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_0&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][\/dsm_faq][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner module_id=&#8221;general&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;3676f7e6-7b83-4698-94ce-2cc9fa9ae43d&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;applications&#8221; module_id=&#8221;applications&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Till\u00e4mpningar<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_faq dsm_make_accordion_toggle=&#8221;on&#8221; dsm_animate_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;applications faq&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;77be2b9f-999b-455f-afb8-d94da1ded8dc&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Kan CMT-brunnar anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r provtagning av gas i mark?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Ja, det finns specialkopplingar f\u00f6r att samla in markgasprover fr\u00e5n CMT-slangens alla kanaler. Kontakta oss f\u00f6r mer information.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Vilken typ av hydrauliska tester kan jag utf\u00f6ra i CMT-brunnar?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-brunnar \u00e4r idealiska observationsbrunnar med flera niv\u00e5er under grundvattenpumpningstester. Hydrauliska tester har ocks\u00e5 utf\u00f6rts i sj\u00e4lva brunnarna. De flesta tester som hittills utf\u00f6rts i CMT-brunnar har varit slug-tester d\u00e4r tryckluft anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att s\u00e4nka vattenniv\u00e5n i testzonen. Tryckluften sl\u00e4pps pl\u00f6tsligt ut och \u00e5terh\u00e4mtningen av intervallet \u00f6vervakas genom att m\u00e4ta den stigande vattenniv\u00e5n \u00f6ver tid. Givare med liten diameter f\u00f6renklar \u00f6vervakningen av vattenniv\u00e5ns \u00e5terh\u00e4mtning avsev\u00e4rt, s\u00e4rskilt i grovkorniga formationer som \u00e5terh\u00e4mtar sig snabbt. En bra k\u00e4lla till information om hydraulisk provning i brunnar med liten diameter finns p\u00e5 University of Kansas webbplats:       <\/span><a href=%22http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu\/%22 data-et-target-link=%22_blank%22 data-uw-rm-brl=%22PR%22 data-uw-original-href=%22http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu\/%22 aria-label=%22http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu - open in a new tab%22 data-uw-rm-ext-link=%22%22 uw-rm-external-link-id=%22http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu\/$http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu%22 rel=%22noopener%22>http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;\u00c4r grundvattenprover som samlas in fr\u00e5n CMT-brunnar lika bra som prover som samlas in fr\u00e5n 2-tums eller 4-tums konventionella \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Grundvattenprover fr\u00e5n CMT-brunnar \u00e4r inte bara lika bra som prover som samlas in fr\u00e5n traditionella \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar, de \u00e4r vanligtvis b\u00e4ttre! Viktigast av allt \u00e4r att proverna fr\u00e5n CMT-brunnarna \u00e4r diskreta prover fr\u00e5n akviferen, inte sammansatta prover som \u00e4r typiska f\u00f6r konventionella \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar med l\u00e5ng livsl\u00e4ngd. Om koncentrationen av ett f\u00f6rorenande \u00e4mne i ett prov som tagits fr\u00e5n en viss CMT-kanal \u00e4r l\u00e5g, kan man d\u00e4rf\u00f6r vara s\u00e4ker p\u00e5 att koncentrationen i akviferen p\u00e5 det djupet verkligen \u00e4r l\u00e5g, och inte p\u00e5 grund av utsp\u00e4dning, vilket kan vara fallet med en konventionell \u00f6vervakningsbrunn. Ytterligare diskussion om de felaktigheter i provtagningen som \u00e4r f\u00f6rknippade med konventionella \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar och de tekniska f\u00f6rdelarna med grundvatten\u00f6vervakning i flera niv\u00e5er presenteras i v\u00e5rt avsnitt om dokument. Dessutom \u00e4r vattenprover som samlas in fr\u00e5n CMT-brunnar ofta mindre grumliga \u00e4n prover som samlas in fr\u00e5n konventionella \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar. Spaltstorleken och sandpackningen i en konventionell \u00f6vervakningsbrunn \u00e4r ofta en kompromiss p\u00e5 grund av det stora antalet kornstorlekar som finns inom det filtersatta intervallet i de flesta brunnar. Brunnens silar och sandpaket kan vara f\u00f6r sm\u00e5 f\u00f6r den gr\u00f6vre fraktionen, men f\u00f6r stora f\u00f6r de finkorniga lagren inom den silade zonen. Detta leder till h\u00f6ga niv\u00e5er av grumlighet i vattenproverna eftersom de finkorniga sedimenten inte filtreras effektivt av brunnens silar och sandpaket. CMT-brunnar, \u00e5 andra sidan, \u00f6vervakar vanligtvis korta, diskreta intervall i en akvifer. Brunnssil och sandpaket i varje \u00f6vervakad zon kan optimeras f\u00f6r kornstorleken p\u00e5 sedimenten inom varje intervall. Varje inloppsport i en CMT-brunn kan ha olika storlek p\u00e5 brunnssil och sandpaket beroende p\u00e5 litologin i akvifermaterialen i varje \u00f6vervakad zon. Denna flexibilitet i brunnskonstruktionen optimerar CMT-brunnens filtreringsegenskaper, vilket resulterar i klara, grumlingsfria vattenprover. CMT-brunnar har andra f\u00f6rdelar j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med konventionella \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar. F\u00f6r det f\u00f6rsta \u00e4r spolvolymen i CMT-brunnar mycket liten. Det inneb\u00e4r att det finns mindre f\u00f6rorenat vatten som beh\u00f6ver behandlas eller kasseras vid rutinm\u00e4ssig provtagning. Ta fallet med en CMT-brunn med 4 zoner som har portar p\u00e5 20, 40, 60 och 80 fots djup. Om man antar att den statiska vattenniv\u00e5n \u00e4r 10 fot under markytan, skulle den vattenvolym som kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r att rensa tv\u00e5 g\u00e5nger %22h\u00f6ljesvolymen%22 i de fyra kanalerna vara cirka 7 liter eller mindre \u00e4n 2 gallon! F\u00f6r det andra uppt\u00e4cker CMT-brunnar f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar i piezometriskt tryck mer exakt \u00e4n traditionella \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar. \u00d6vervakningsbrunnar med en diameter p\u00e5 tv\u00e5 eller fyra tum lagrar mycket vatten j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med de enskilda kanalerna i en CMT-brunn. Den stora m\u00e4ngd vatten som lagras i en konventionell \u00f6vervakningsbrunn inneb\u00e4r att brunnen reagerar l\u00e5ngsamt p\u00e5 f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar i det piezometriska trycket i akviferen. Detta g\u00e4ller s\u00e4rskilt i formationer med l\u00e5g avkastning, d\u00e4r det kan ta veckor eller till och med m\u00e5nader att fylla brunnsr\u00f6ren till den statiska vattenniv\u00e5n. CMT-brunnar reagerar och balanserar d\u00e4remot snabbt p\u00e5 grund av den l\u00e5ga volymen i de olika kanalerna.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Hur skiljer sig CMT-brunnar fr\u00e5n %22n\u00e4stlade brunnar%22?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>CMT-brunnar \u00e4r verkligen mycket annorlunda \u00e4n %22kapslade brunnar%22. CMT-systemet konstruerades faktiskt delvis p\u00e5 grund av de problem som \u00e4r f\u00f6rknippade med kapslade brunnar. N\u00e4stlade brunnar \u00e4r brunnar med flera niv\u00e5er som har flera foderr\u00f6r i ett enda borrh\u00e5l. Denna typ av brunnskonstruktion var popul\u00e4r under 1970-talet och b\u00f6rjan av 1980-talet. US EPA och andra tillsynsmyndigheter avr\u00e5der dock starkt fr\u00e5n anv\u00e4ndning av kapslade brunnar p\u00e5 grund av de m\u00e5nga dokumenterade fall d\u00e4r d\u00e5liga t\u00e4tningar mellan foderr\u00f6ren har lett till korskoppling av de olika \u00f6vervakade zonerna.    <\/p>\n<p>De flesta borrh\u00e5l \u00e4r inte helt raka eller lodr\u00e4ta och foderr\u00f6ren kommer oundvikligen att ligga mot varandra i vissa delar av borrh\u00e5let. Bentonitpellets och\/eller cementinjekteringsbruk kanske inte fyller ut utrymmena mellan foderr\u00f6ren helt och h\u00e5llet, vilket resulterar i tomrum som m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r korskommunikation mellan de olika \u00f6vervakningszonerna. I omr\u00e5den d\u00e4r det fortfarande \u00e4r till\u00e5tet med kapslade brunnar finns det vanligtvis krav p\u00e5 att distansh\u00e5llare ska anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att h\u00e5lla is\u00e4r de olika foderr\u00f6ren i borrh\u00e5let. Det finns vanligtvis ocks\u00e5 ett krav p\u00e5 att 2-tums ringformade t\u00e4tningar ska installeras mellan varje enskilt brunnsr\u00f6r. Detta krav resulterar i borrh\u00e5l som m\u00e5ste vara 12 tum i diameter eller st\u00f6rre. Den \u00f6kade kostnaden f\u00f6r de st\u00f6rre borrh\u00e5len g\u00f6r att n\u00e4stlade brunnar snabbt blir mindre attraktiva \u00e4n kluster av enskilda brunnar, s\u00e4rskilt n\u00e4r man tar h\u00e4nsyn till os\u00e4kerheten i de ringformiga t\u00e4tningarna. Med CMT-systemet \u00e4r de olika \u00f6vervakningskanalerna placerade inuti CMT-slangen. Det finns allts\u00e5 bara ett enda, sl\u00e4tv\u00e4ggigt r\u00f6r i borrh\u00e5let. Slangen centreras inuti borrh\u00e5let med hj\u00e4lp av Solinsts l\u00e5gprofilerade centrerare, och 2 tum tjocka ringformade t\u00e4tningar kan installeras enkelt och tillf\u00f6rlitligt i ett enda borrh\u00e5l som \u00e4r s\u00e5 litet som 5,6 tum i diameter.        <\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Uppfyller CMT-brunnarna statens och l\u00e4nets standarder f\u00f6r brunnsbyggnad?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Byggnormerna f\u00f6r brunnar varierar fr\u00e5n region till region, men CMT-brunnar b\u00f6r vara helt i \u00f6verensst\u00e4mmelse med byggnormerna f\u00f6r brunnar i de flesta omr\u00e5den. M\u00e5nga stater och l\u00e4n kr\u00e4ver en 2 tums ringformad t\u00e4tning mellan brunnsh\u00f6ljet och borrh\u00e5lsv\u00e4ggen. Detta \u00e4r l\u00e4tt att uppn\u00e5 med CMT-brunnar. Med tanke p\u00e5 systemets relativt lilla diameter (1,6 tum) uppfylls kravet p\u00e5 en 2-tums t\u00e4tning genom att installera systemet i ett borrh\u00e5l som \u00e4r 5,6 tum i diameter eller st\u00f6rre. L\u00e5gprofilerade centreringsanordningar s\u00e4kerst\u00e4ller att CMT-brunnarna \u00e4r centrerade i borrh\u00e5let och att t\u00e4tningsmaterialet fyller utrymmet runt CMT-r\u00f6ret j\u00e4mnt.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Accepteras CMT-brunnar av tillsynsmyndigheter? Hur \u00f6vertygar jag min tillsynsmyndighet om att systemet ger tillf\u00f6rlitliga data? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Baserat p\u00e5 vad vi h\u00f6r, ett eftertryckligt JA! Systemet \u00e4r dock fortfarande nytt f\u00f6r m\u00e5nga m\u00e4nniskor, inklusive m\u00e5nga statliga och lokala tillsynsmyndigheter. Men n\u00e4r de v\u00e4l har f\u00e5tt en introduktion till systemet st\u00f6der de flesta tillsynsmyndigheter helhj\u00e4rtat anv\u00e4ndningen av CMT-brunnar. De ser fram emot den b\u00e4ttre definitionen av plymen som flerniv\u00e5\u00f6vervakningen ger, s\u00e4rskilt j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med de sammansatta prover fr\u00e5n \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar med l\u00e5ng livsl\u00e4ngd som de tidigare har f\u00e5tt n\u00f6ja sig med. Ett vanligt problem som tillsynsmyndigheterna uttrycker \u00e4r integriteten hos borrh\u00e5lets ringformade t\u00e4tningar som f\u00f6rhindrar vertikal r\u00f6relse av grundvatten mellan olika zoner. Detta \u00e4r en av de viktigaste f\u00f6rdelarna med CMT-systemet. Till skillnad fr\u00e5n kapslade brunnar d\u00e4r flera foderr\u00f6r placeras i ett enda borrh\u00e5l, finns det bara ett foderr\u00f6r &#8211; eller mer exakt, ett r\u00f6r &#8211; i borrh\u00e5let med CMT-systemet. Detta f\u00f6renklar installationen och f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrar tillf\u00f6rlitligheten hos de ringformiga t\u00e4tningar som installeras mellan de olika \u00f6vervakade zonerna. En annan farh\u00e5ga som vissa tillsynsmyndigheter har uttryckt \u00e4r kvaliteten p\u00e5 de grundvattenprover som tas fr\u00e5n CMT-brunnarna. Fram till nyligen var det enda s\u00e4ttet att ta prover fr\u00e5n CMT-brunnar med en peristaltisk pump eller en tr\u00f6ghetspump. Nu har Solinst en Micro Double Valve Pump och provets integritet \u00e4r inte l\u00e4ngre ett problem. Flera myndighets- och universitetsstudier visar att pneumatiska pumpar som Micro Double Valve-pumpen ger grundvattenprover av mycket h\u00f6g kvalitet. Det b\u00e4sta s\u00e4ttet att informera din tillsynsmyndighet om f\u00f6rdelarna med flerniv\u00e5\u00f6vervakning med CMT-systemet \u00e4r att h\u00e4nvisa dem till den nyligen publicerade artikeln om CMT-systemet, f\u00f6rfattad av dess uppfinnare Murray Einarson och John Cherry. Denna artikel (Einarson and Cherry, GWMR Fall 2002) kan laddas ned fr\u00e5n v\u00e5r webbplats.             <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Vilka artiklar eller v\u00e4gledningsdokument har publicerats som beskriver CMT-systemet?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Flera artiklar som beskriver CMT:s flerniv\u00e5\u00f6vervakningssystem har publicerats, och fler publiceras hela tiden. Den mest fullst\u00e4ndiga beskrivningen av CMT-systemet finns i ett tekniskt dokument som publicerades i h\u00f6stnumret 2002 av Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson och Cherry, 2002). Notera dock att flera f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttringar av systemet har gjorts sedan detta dokument skrevs. CMT-systemet beskrivs ocks\u00e5 i American Petroleum Institutes v\u00e4gledningsdokument fr\u00e5n 2000 med titeln %22Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates%22. Dessa och andra dokument kan laddas ner fr\u00e5n Papers-sektionen p\u00e5 v\u00e5r webbplats.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_1&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][\/dsm_faq][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;drilling&#8221; module_id=&#8221;drilling&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Borrning och installation<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_faq dsm_make_accordion_toggle=&#8221;on&#8221; dsm_animate_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;drilling faq&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;77be2b9f-999b-455f-afb8-d94da1ded8dc&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Vilket \u00e4r det maximala djupet som CMT-brunnar kan installeras p\u00e5?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-brunnar har installerats till ett maximalt djup av 260 fot. Lagerf\u00f6rda spoll\u00e4ngder \u00e4r 100 ft, 200 ft och 300 ft. P\u00e5 specialbest\u00e4llning finns 400 ft spolar tillg\u00e4ngliga.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Kan segment av CMT-slangar kopplas ihop?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Nej. Systemet \u00e4r konstruerat f\u00f6r att installeras i en sammanh\u00e4ngande l\u00e4ngd, vilket eliminerar risken f\u00f6r l\u00e4ckage vid skarvar. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Vad h\u00e4nder om jag inte vill \u00f6vervaka sju zoner? M\u00e5ste jag anv\u00e4nda alla kanaler? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Nej, du kan anv\u00e4nda s\u00e5 m\u00e5nga eller s\u00e5 f\u00e5 som du vill. Oanv\u00e4nda kanaler p\u00e5verkar inte resten av CMT-systemet. Vissa personer anv\u00e4nder tv\u00e5 kanaler f\u00f6r att \u00f6vervaka en enda zon. De anv\u00e4nder en av kanalerna till en Micro dubbelventilpump och den andra kanalen till att m\u00e4ta vattenniv\u00e5n. Om du anv\u00e4nder tv\u00e5 kanaler f\u00f6r att \u00f6vervaka en enda zon kommer du dock att minska antalet diskreta zoner som du kan \u00f6vervaka med 50%.     <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Vilka artiklar eller v\u00e4gledningsdokument har publicerats som beskriver CMT-systemet?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Flera artiklar som beskriver CMT-systemet f\u00f6r flerniv\u00e5\u00f6vervakning har publicerats, och fler publiceras hela tiden. Den mest fullst\u00e4ndiga beskrivningen av CMT-systemet finns i ett tekniskt dokument som publicerades i h\u00f6stnumret 2002 av Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson och Cherry, 2002). Observera dock att flera f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttringar av systemet har gjorts sedan den artikeln skrevs. CMT-systemet beskrivs ocks\u00e5 i American Petroleum Institutes v\u00e4gledningsdokument fr\u00e5n 2000 med titeln %22Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates%22.     <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Finns det en minsta borrh\u00e5lsdiameter som b\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r CMT-brunnar?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>F\u00f6r installationer d\u00e4r sand och bentonitpellets h\u00e4lls in i borrh\u00e5lets ringr\u00f6r fr\u00e5n markytan rekommenderar vi att man anv\u00e4nder CMT-centraler och en borrh\u00e5lsdiameter p\u00e5 minst 5 tum. Det ger brunnsinstallat\u00f6ren gott om utrymme f\u00f6r att undvika att sand och bentonit \u00f6verbryggas och g\u00f6r det l\u00e4tt att komma \u00e5t Solinst Tag Line. Solinst dubbelverkande uppbl\u00e5sbara packare finns tillg\u00e4ngliga, p\u00e5 specialbest\u00e4llning, f\u00f6r t\u00e4tning av 3%22, 3,7%22 och 4%22 borrh\u00e5l. CMT-brunnar med sju kanaler kan installeras genom direktpressade foderr\u00f6r med en innerdiameter (ID) p\u00e5 2 tum eller st\u00f6rre. Dessa installationer \u00e4r beroende av att formationen kollapsar runt CMT-r\u00f6ret.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Vilka typer av borrmetoder kan anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att installera CMT-brunnar?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-brunnar har installerats i borrh\u00e5l som skapats med n\u00e4stan alla typer av borrutrustning. En sammanfattning av borrmetoder och tekniker f\u00f6r installation av CMT-brunnar i okonsoliderade akviferer finns i avsnittet %22Papers &amp; Information%22 p\u00e5 Solinsts webbplats. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Hur hittar jag en borrentrepren\u00f6r som har erfarenhet av att installera CMT-brunnar?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>En lista \u00f6ver borrentrepren\u00f6rer som har erfarenhet av att installera CMT-brunnar finns p\u00e5 v\u00e5r webbplats. Om du har en entrepren\u00f6r som du skulle vilja arbeta med, men som \u00e4nnu inte har installerat en CMT-brunn, ber vi entrepren\u00f6ren kontakta Solinst f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rklara de olika alternativen f\u00f6r installation av CMT-brunnar med olika typer av borrutrustning. Vi hj\u00e4lper g\u00e4rna dig och\/eller din entrepren\u00f6r att se till att dina CMT-brunnar installeras p\u00e5 ett framg\u00e5ngsrikt s\u00e4tt. Telefonsupport \u00e4r tillg\u00e4nglig utan kostnad. Utbildning p\u00e5 plats f\u00f6r dig och\/eller din entrepren\u00f6r \u00e4r tillg\u00e4nglig mot en liten extra avgift som kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r att t\u00e4cka v\u00e5ra tids- och resekostnader.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Jag har sett bilder p\u00e5 CMT-systemet installerat med bentonitpackare. Finns de tillg\u00e4ngliga fr\u00e5n Solinst? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Prototyper av bentonitpackningar anv\u00e4ndes under den inledande utvecklingen och testningen av CMT-systemet. Dessa bentonitt\u00e4tningar, som beskrivs i Einarson och Cherrys artikel fr\u00e5n 2002, visade sig vara alltf\u00f6r sv\u00e5ra och tidskr\u00e4vande att konstruera i f\u00e4lt. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r rekommenderar vi att alla ringformiga material, inklusive sandpack och bentonitt\u00e4tningar, h\u00e4lls fr\u00e5n ytan i samband med CMT-systemets centraliserare.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Jag har h\u00f6rt talas om att det finns uppbl\u00e5sbara packare som m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r tillf\u00e4lliga eller permanenta installationer i akviferer i berggrunden. Hur fungerar de? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Vi har utvecklat dubbelverkande uppbl\u00e5sbara packers som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att t\u00e4ta det ringformiga utrymmet mellan CMT-slangen och borrh\u00e5lsv\u00e4ggen i berggrundsinstallationer. De \u00e4r %22dubbelverkande%22 eftersom insidan av packarna expanderar tillsammans med utsidan av packarna. Genom att applicera ett litet vakuum p\u00e5 packarna expanderar den inre k\u00f6rteln n\u00e5got. Packarna glider d\u00e5 l\u00e4tt \u00f6ver CMT-slangarna och kan placeras d\u00e4r det beh\u00f6vs. N\u00e4r vakuumet sl\u00e4pps dras den inre k\u00f6rteln tillbaka, vilket s\u00e4krar packarna till CMT-slangen. Kl\u00e4mmor f\u00e4sts p\u00e5 packarna f\u00f6r att s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lla att de inte r\u00f6r sig n\u00e4r brunnen f\u00f6rs in i borrh\u00e5let. Ett uppbl\u00e5sningsr\u00f6r ansluts till var och en av packarna och str\u00e4cker sig till markytan. N\u00e4r CMT-brunnen \u00e4r helt inf\u00f6rd bl\u00e5ses packarna upp med luft, kv\u00e4ve eller vatten. N\u00e4r packarna bl\u00e5ses upp t\u00e4tas b\u00e5de borrh\u00e5lets annulus och utrymmet mellan CMT-slangen och packarna. En f\u00f6rdel med det h\u00e4r systemet \u00e4r att packarna kan t\u00f6mmas p\u00e5 luft och systemet tas bort n\u00e4r \u00f6vervakning inte l\u00e4ngre beh\u00f6vs.         <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Kan jag installera CMT-brunnar med direkttryckande utrustning?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Ja, det st\u00e4mmer. M\u00e5nga DP-entrepren\u00f6rer installerar 7-kanals CMT-brunnar. Brunnarna installeras vanligtvis inuti sondst\u00e4nger som \u00e4r utrustade med drivpunkter f\u00f6r eng\u00e5ngsbruk. N\u00e4r sondst\u00e4ngerna har f\u00f6rts fram till \u00f6nskat djup f\u00f6rs CMT-r\u00f6ret in. D\u00e4refter dras sondst\u00e4ngerna tillbaka och CMT-brunnen l\u00e4mnas kvar i marken. De flesta av dessa installationer har gjorts i sandformationer d\u00e4r jorden kollapsar runt CMT-slangen n\u00e4r sondst\u00e4ngerna dras tillbaka. Installationer i formationer som inte kollapsar \u00e4r sv\u00e5rare, s\u00e4rskilt med sondst\u00e4nger med liten diameter. Den lilla innerdiametern p\u00e5 sondst\u00e4ngerna l\u00e4mnar lite utrymme f\u00f6r att h\u00e4lla upp ringformiga material (t.ex. sand och bentonitpellets) fr\u00e5n markytan.       <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Vilket \u00e4r det b\u00e4sta s\u00e4ttet att installera sandpackningar och ringformiga t\u00e4tningar mellan de olika \u00f6vervakade zonerna?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Det b\u00e4sta s\u00e4ttet att installera sandpackningar och ringformade t\u00e4tningar \u00e4r att h\u00e4lla dem i borrh\u00e5lets ringform fr\u00e5n ytan eller anv\u00e4nda ett tremier\u00f6r. N\u00e4r du installerar 7-kanals CMT-brunnar p\u00e5 detta s\u00e4tt f\u00f6resl\u00e5r vi att du har ett borrh\u00e5l som inte \u00e4r mindre \u00e4n 5 tum i diameter. Ett borrh\u00e5l som \u00e4r 5 tum i diameter eller st\u00f6rre ger gott om utrymme f\u00f6r sand och bentonitpellets att falla till botten av borrh\u00e5let utan att \u00f6verbrygga varandra. Se ocks\u00e5 till att anv\u00e4nda Solinsts l\u00e5gprofilerade centreringsanordningar f\u00f6r att h\u00e5lla CMT-slangen centrerad i borrh\u00e5let. Dessa centreringsanordningar har utformats f\u00f6r att minimera sannolikheten f\u00f6r \u00f6verbryggning av de ringformiga materialen n\u00e4r brunnen byggs. Du kanske ocks\u00e5 vill anv\u00e4nda en ankarplatta f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rhindra att CMT-r\u00f6ret stiger upp i borrh\u00e5let, s\u00e4rskilt n\u00e4r drivr\u00f6ret (om det anv\u00e4nds) dras tillbaka stegvis fr\u00e5n borrh\u00e5let. Ankarplattan bultas fast direkt p\u00e5 styrpunktsporten. N\u00e4r du har f\u00f6rt in CMT-brunnen till botten av h\u00e5let placerar du en sandpack \u00f6ver den djupaste \u00f6vervakningszonen genom att h\u00e4lla sand i ringr\u00f6ret tills det n\u00e5r upp till den niv\u00e5 som anges i konstruktionsdiagrammet f\u00f6r brunnen. Se till att m\u00e4ta djupet p\u00e5 sandpaketet ofta med Solinsts modell 103 Tag Line medan du h\u00e4ller i sanden. Detta s\u00e4kerst\u00e4ller att du inte f\u00f6r sandpaketet f\u00f6r h\u00f6gt upp i borrh\u00e5let. N\u00e4r sandpaketet befinner sig ovanf\u00f6r bottenkontrollporten h\u00e4ller du bentonitpellets f\u00f6r att skapa en t\u00e4tning mellan bottenkontrollzonen och den \u00f6verliggande zonen. Entrepren\u00f6rer har rapporterat god framg\u00e5ng med att anv\u00e4nda belagda bentonitpellets f\u00f6r de ringformiga t\u00e4tningarna. H\u00e4ll pelletsen l\u00e5ngsamt och m\u00e4t t\u00e4tningens djup ofta med tagglinjen f\u00f6r att undvika att tills\u00e4tta f\u00f6r mycket bentonit. Forts\u00e4tt att tills\u00e4tta omv\u00e4xlande lager av sandpackningar och bentonitt\u00e4tningar enligt beskrivningen ovan, upp till de niv\u00e5er som anges i konstruktionsschemat f\u00f6r brunnen. Ytterligare information om konstruktion av CMT-brunnar finns i v\u00e5r installationshandbok f\u00f6r modell 403 CMT (finns p\u00e5 v\u00e5r webbplats).              <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Jag har inte plats p\u00e5 min arbetsplats f\u00f6r att l\u00e4gga ut slangarna f\u00f6r att markera och installera inloppsportarna och brunnssk\u00e4rmarna. Vilka andra alternativ har jag? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>F\u00f6r l\u00e5nga slangl\u00e4ngder, t.ex. mer \u00e4n 100 fot, \u00e4r det ofta opraktiskt att l\u00e4gga ut slangen p\u00e5 marken p\u00e5 arbetsplatsen f\u00f6r att markera och installera de olika intagsportarna och brunnsgallerna. Vi rekommenderar att du markerar portarnas placering p\u00e5 slangen i f\u00f6rv\u00e4g och tar med dig den upprullade CMT-slangen till arbetsplatsen. Du kan sedan installera portarna och brunnsgallerna p\u00e5 r\u00e4tt st\u00e4llen n\u00e4r du s\u00e4nker ned CMT-slangen i borrh\u00e5let. Alternativt kan CMT-systemet byggas var som helst d\u00e4r det finns plats, och sedan lindas upp och transporteras till arbetsplatsen.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Hur tar jag CMT-brunnar ur drift?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>CMT-brunnar kan tryckinjekteras med en bentonit- eller cementslurry. Den injicerade v\u00e4tskan kommer att fylla varje CMT-kanal och sandpackningen intill varje intagsport. CMT-brunnar kan ocks\u00e5 \u00f6verborras vid behov.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_2&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][\/dsm_faq][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;developing&#8221; module_id=&#8221;developing&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Utveckling, provtagning, \u00f6vervakning<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][dsm_faq dsm_make_accordion_toggle=&#8221;on&#8221; dsm_animate_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;developing faq&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;77be2b9f-999b-455f-afb8-d94da1ded8dc&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Vad \u00e4r reningsvolymen f\u00f6r de olika CMT-kanalerna per meter slang?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>De yttre 6 pajformade kanalerna i CMT-slangen rymmer vardera ca 40 ml v\u00e4tska per l\u00f6pmeter slang. Den centrala kanalen rymmer cirka 30 ml per linj\u00e4r fot. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Vad h\u00e4nder om jag inte vill \u00f6vervaka sju zoner? M\u00e5ste jag anv\u00e4nda alla kanaler? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Nej, du kan anv\u00e4nda s\u00e5 m\u00e5nga eller s\u00e5 f\u00e5 som du vill. Oanv\u00e4nda kanaler p\u00e5verkar inte resten av CMT-systemet. Vissa personer anv\u00e4nder tv\u00e5 kanaler f\u00f6r att \u00f6vervaka en enda zon. De anv\u00e4nder en av kanalerna till en Micro dubbelventilpump och den andra kanalen till att m\u00e4ta vattenniv\u00e5n. Om du anv\u00e4nder tv\u00e5 kanaler f\u00f6r att \u00f6vervaka en enda zon kommer du dock att minska antalet diskreta zoner som du kan \u00f6vervaka med 50%.     <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Hur m\u00e4ter jag vattenniv\u00e5n i CMT-brunnar?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Vattenniv\u00e5erna kan m\u00e4tas med Solinsts vattenniv\u00e5band med liten diameter, modell 101 eller 102. Om du vill ha kontinuerlig registrering av vattenniv\u00e5n kan du installera Solinsts tryckgivare modell PDCR 35\/D Druck. Givarna kan anslutas till en datalogger vid brunnshuvudet eller en telemetrienhet f\u00f6r fj\u00e4rravl\u00e4sning fr\u00e5n ett centralt datainsamlingscenter. Dessa givare passar endast in i de yttre kanalerna och inte i den smalare mittkanalen.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Vilka \u00e4r de b\u00e4sta s\u00e4tten att rensa och ta prov fr\u00e5n CMT-brunnar?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Du har i princip tre alternativ f\u00f6r rensning och provtagning i applikationer med smal diameter. Den peristaltiska pumpen modell 410 kan anv\u00e4ndas d\u00e4r sugh\u00f6jden \u00e4r mindre \u00e4n 7,5 m (25 ft). Solinsts minitr\u00f6ghetspump (MIP) kan ocks\u00e5 anv\u00e4ndas. MIP anv\u00e4nder en stigarledning med en diameter p\u00e5 6 mm (1\/4 tum) f\u00f6rsedd med en %22push-in%22-fotventil. Upprepade slag upp och ned tar upp provet till ytan fr\u00e5n djup upp till 46 m (150 ft). Spolning och provtagning kan ocks\u00e5 utf\u00f6ras med modell 408M Micro Double Valve-pump som \u00e4r idealisk f\u00f6r provtagning vid l\u00e5ga fl\u00f6den. 408M \u00e4r tillverkad av flexibla koaxialslangar med diameter 3\/8%22 (10 mm) och finns i LDPE f\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndning upp till 15 m (50 ft.) eller teflon f\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndning ned till 46 m (150 ft.) 408M anv\u00e4nder en drivgas som levereras via en styrenhet.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Finns det n\u00e5gra kemiska effekter eller f\u00f6rdomar som \u00e4r f\u00f6rknippade med polyetylenslangarna eller andra delar av CMT-systemet?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Alla typer av brunnar f\u00f6r grundvatten\u00f6vervakning och provtagningspumpar \u00e4r f\u00f6rknippade med kemisk bias. Potentiella kemiska bias i CMT-systemet \u00e4r kopplade till (1) anv\u00e4ndningen av polyetenslangar och (2) de provtagningsanordningar som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att samla in vattenprover. Hydrofoba organiska f\u00f6roreningar kan sorberas till polyetylenslangarna, vilket kan orsaka en negativ provtagningsbias. I vissa situationer kan samma f\u00f6reningar diffundera genom polyetenet, antingen fr\u00e5n utsidan av brunnen eller fr\u00e5n intilliggande kanaler, vilket kan orsaka en positiv provtagningsbias i vissa kanaler. Potentiella bias med hydrofylliska f\u00f6roreningar, t.ex. MTBE eller de flesta oorganiska f\u00f6reningar, \u00e4r minimala. En ing\u00e5ende diskussion om dessa potentiella felaktigheter i provtagningen finns i Einarsons och Cherrys artikel om CMT-systemet, som publicerades i h\u00f6stnumret 2002 av Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation.       <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;\u00c4r grundvattenprover som samlas in fr\u00e5n CMT-brunnar lika bra som prover som samlas in fr\u00e5n 2-tums eller 4-tums konventionella \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Grundvattenprover fr\u00e5n CMT-brunnar \u00e4r inte bara lika bra som prover som samlas in fr\u00e5n traditionella \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar, de \u00e4r oftast b\u00e4ttre! Viktigast av allt \u00e4r att prover fr\u00e5n CMT-brunnar \u00e4r diskreta prover fr\u00e5n akviferen, inte sammansatta prover som \u00e4r typiska f\u00f6r konventionella \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar som har unders\u00f6kts under l\u00e5ng tid. Om koncentrationen av en f\u00f6rorening i ett prov fr\u00e5n en viss CMT-kanal \u00e4r l\u00e5g, kan man d\u00e4rf\u00f6r vara s\u00e4ker p\u00e5 att koncentrationen i akviferen p\u00e5 det djupet verkligen \u00e4r l\u00e5g, och inte p\u00e5 grund av utsp\u00e4dning, vilket kan vara fallet med en konventionell \u00f6vervakningsbrunn. Ytterligare diskussioner om de felaktigheter i provtagningen som \u00e4r f\u00f6rknippade med konventionella \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar och de tekniska f\u00f6rdelarna med flerniv\u00e5\u00f6vervakning av grundvatten presenteras i avsnittet om dokument. Dessutom \u00e4r vattenprover som tas fr\u00e5n CMT-brunnar ofta mindre grumliga \u00e4n prover som tas fr\u00e5n konventionella \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar. Storleken p\u00e5 rensluckorna och sandpackningen i en konventionell \u00f6vervakningsbrunn \u00e4r ofta en kompromiss p\u00e5 grund av det stora spannet av kornstorlekar som finns inom det rensade intervallet i de flesta brunnar. Brunnens silar och sandpaket kan vara f\u00f6r sm\u00e5 f\u00f6r den gr\u00f6vre fraktionen, men f\u00f6r stora f\u00f6r de finkorniga skikten inom den siktade zonen. Detta leder till h\u00f6ga grumlighetsniv\u00e5er i vattenproverna eftersom de finkorniga sedimenten inte filtreras effektivt av brunnssilarna och sandpackningen. CMT-brunnar, \u00e5 andra sidan, \u00f6vervakar vanligtvis korta, diskreta intervall i en akvifer. Brunnssilen och sandpackningen i varje \u00f6vervakad zon kan optimeras f\u00f6r kornstorleken hos sedimenten inom varje intervall. Varje intagsport i en CMT-brunn kan ha olika storlek p\u00e5 brunnsgaller och sandpaket beroende p\u00e5 litologin hos akvifermaterialen i varje \u00f6vervakad zon. Denna flexibilitet i brunnskonstruktionen optimerar CMT-brunnens filtreringsegenskaper, vilket resulterar i klara, grumlighetsfria vattenprover. CMT-brunnar har andra f\u00f6rdelar j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med konventionella \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar. F\u00f6r det f\u00f6rsta \u00e4r reningsvolymen i CMT-brunnar mycket liten. Det inneb\u00e4r att det finns mindre f\u00f6rorenat vatten som beh\u00f6ver behandlas eller kasseras under rutinprovtagningen. Ta fallet med en CMT-brunn med 4 zoner som har portar p\u00e5 20, 40, 60 och 80 fots djup. Om man antar att den statiska vattenniv\u00e5n ligger 3 meter under markytan, skulle den vattenvolym som kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r att rena tv\u00e5 g\u00e5nger %22h\u00f6ljesvolymen%22 i de fyra kanalerna vara ca 13 liter eller mindre \u00e4n 3,5 gallon! F\u00f6r det andra uppt\u00e4cker CMT-brunnar f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar i piezometriskt tryck mer exakt \u00e4n traditionella \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar. \u00d6vervakningsbrunnar med en diameter p\u00e5 2 eller 4 tum lagrar mycket vatten j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med de enskilda kanalerna i en CMT-brunn. Den stora m\u00e4ngden vatten som lagras i en konventionell \u00f6vervakningsbrunn inneb\u00e4r att brunnen reagerar l\u00e5ngsamt p\u00e5 f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar i det piezometriska trycket i akviferen. Detta g\u00e4ller i synnerhet i formationer med l\u00e5g avkastning, d\u00e4r det kan ta veckor eller till och med m\u00e5nader att fylla p\u00e5 brunnsh\u00f6ljet till den statiska vattenniv\u00e5n. CMT-brunnar, \u00e5 andra sidan, reagerar och balanserar snabbt p\u00e5 grund av den l\u00e5ga volymen i de olika kanalerna.                     <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Jag har fl\u00f6dande artesiska f\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden p\u00e5 min plats. Finns det n\u00e5got s\u00e4tt att plugga in och ta prov p\u00e5 portarna vid brunnshuvudet? &#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Ja, det finns speciella expansionspluggar f\u00f6r att t\u00e4ta de olika kanalerna vid brunnshuvudet. Pluggarna har valfria ventiler som g\u00f6r att du kan samla in grundvattenprover genom att helt enkelt \u00f6ppna ventilerna. Tryckm\u00e4tare kan ocks\u00e5 anslutas till pluggarna vid brunnshuvudet f\u00f6r att m\u00e4ta det piezometriska trycket i varje \u00f6vervakad zon.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][dsm_faq_child dsm_title=&#8221;Hur utvecklar jag CMT-brunnar?&#8221; dsm_content=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><span>Vi har haft goda erfarenheter av att spola brunnarna med peristaltiska pumpar och minitr\u00f6ghetspumpar. Man kan naturligtvis inte utveckla CMT-brunnar p\u00e5 samma s\u00e4tt som man skulle g\u00f6ra med en vattenf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjningsbrunn, men den typen av rigor\u00f6s utveckling kr\u00e4vs inte f\u00f6r \u00f6vervakningsbrunnar med liten diameter. M\u00e5let med att utveckla CMT-brunnar, vilket vanligtvis \u00e4r l\u00e4tt att uppn\u00e5, \u00e4r att uppr\u00e4tta en hydraulisk f\u00f6rbindelse med formationen. Brunnen kommer inte att vara 100% effektiv, men de hydrauliska huvudv\u00e4rden som m\u00e4ts i brunnen kommer att vara korrekta, och brunnen kommer att ge mer \u00e4n tillr\u00e4ckligt med vatten f\u00f6r provtagning (f\u00f6rutsatt att formationen \u00e4r rimligt permeabel). Om du har tillsatt vatten n\u00e4r du borrade borrh\u00e5let eller anlade brunnen \u00e4r det b\u00e4sta s\u00e4ttet att hantera detta att helt enkelt v\u00e4nta i flera dagar tills det tillsatta vattnet har %22drivit%22 ned\u00e5t i gradienten. F\u00f6r platser med typiska grundvattenhastigheter (0,5 till 2 fot per dag) kommer det vatten som tillsattes under borrningen och\/eller brunnsbygget att ha drivit bort fr\u00e5n CMT-intagsportarna inom n\u00e5gra dagar. Om det vatten som tills\u00e4tts under borrningen har en annan elektrisk konduktivitet (EC) \u00e4n formationsvattnet kan du \u00f6vervaka EC i det vatten som pumpas upp fr\u00e5n brunnen f\u00f6r att bekr\u00e4fta att borrvattnet har f\u00f6rsvunnit. Vissa konsulter har tillsatt kaliumbromid (ett inert sp\u00e5r\u00e4mne som ofta anv\u00e4nds i grundvattenforskning) som sp\u00e5r\u00e4mne i borr-\/konstruktionsvattnet och sedan \u00f6vervakat reningsvattnet i CMT-brunnen med en bromidspecifik elektrod f\u00f6r att verifiera att borrvattnet inte l\u00e4ngre finns i n\u00e4rheten av CMT-brunnen innan prover tas. Kontakta oss f\u00f6r mer information.        <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; parentOrderClass=&#8221;dsm_faq_3&#8243;][\/dsm_faq_child][\/dsm_faq][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span>\u00ae Solinst och CMT \u00e4r registrerade varum\u00e4rken som tillh\u00f6r Solinst Canada Ltd.<\/span><br role=\"presentation\" data-uw-rm-sr=\"\"><span>*Patent #6,865,933 B1, #6,758,274 B2, #2,260,587, #6,581,682, #2,347,702 och #2,381,807<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Schema.org Vanliga fr\u00e5gor Snippet&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<script type=\"application\/ld+json\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  \"mainEntity\": [{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Can segments of the CMT tubing be coupled together?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"No. The system is designed to be installed in one continuous length, thus eliminating the possibility of leakage at joints.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Are CMT wells accepted by regulators? How do I convince my regulator that the system yields reliable data?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Based on what we hear, an emphatic YES! However, the system is still new to many people, including many State and local regulators. Once they are introduced to the system, though, most regulators whole-heartedly support the use of CMT wells. They look forward to the better plume definition afforded with multi-level monitoring, especially compared to the composite samples from long-screened monitoring wells that they have had to settle for in the past. A common concern expressed by the regulatory community is the integrity of the borehole annular seals that prevent vertical movement of groundwater between different zones. This is one of the key advantages of the CMT System. Unlike nested wells where several casings are placed in a single borehole, there is only one casing \u2013 or more accurately, one tube \u2013 in the borehole with the CMT System. This simplifies the installation and improves the reliability of annular seals installed between the various monitored zones. Another concern expressed by some regulators is the quality of the groundwater samples collected from CMT wells. The best way to inform your regulator of the advantages of multilevel monitoring using the CMT System is to direct them to the recently published paper on the CMT System authored by its inventors, Murray Einarson and John Cherry. That paper (Einarson and Cherry, GWMR Fall 2002) can be downloaded from our website.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Are there any chemical affects or biases associated with the polyethylene tubing or other parts of the CMT system?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Here are chemical biases associated with all types of groundwater monitoring wells and sampling pumps. Potential chemical biases associated with the CMT system relate to (1) the use of polyethylene tubing and (2) the sampling devices used to collect water samples. Hydrophobic organic contaminants can sorb to the polyethylene tubing, potentially causing a negative sampling bias. In some situations, those same compounds can diffuse through the polyethylene, either from outside of the well or from adjacent channels, potentially causing a positive sampling bias in some channels. Potential biases with hydrophyllic contaminants, e.g. MTBE or most inorganic compounds is minimal. A thorough discussion of these potential sampling biases is presented in the Einarson and Cherry Paper describing the CMT system that was published in the Fall 2002 issue of Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation. (See the Papers Section of this web site.)\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Why is the system not available in Teflon\u00ae?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"We explored the idea of making CMT tubing out of Teflon but rejected it for a couple of reasons. First, Teflon is a difficult polymer to work with and it is not possible to extrude Teflon in the shape of the current CMT system. Second, Teflon is very expensive, which would drive the cost of the CMT system up by as much as ten-fold. Finally, Teflon isn't immune to sampling biases; hydrophobic VOCs can diffuse through the walls of Teflon tubing just as they can through the walls of polyethylene tubing.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"How are CMT wells diffferent than \\\"nested wells\\\"?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"CMT wells are indeed very different than \\\"nested wells\\\". In fact, the CMT System was designed in part because of the problems inherent with nested wells. Nested wells are multilevel wells that have multiple casings in a single borehole. That type of well construction was popular in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, the use of nested wells is strongly discouraged by US EPA and other regulatory agencies because of the many documented cases where poor seals between the casings led to cross-connection of the various monitored zones. Most boreholes are not perfectly straight or plumb, and the casings inevitably end up lying against each other in some portions of the borehole. Bentonite pellets and\/or cement grouts may not completely fill in the spaces between the casings, resulting in void spaces that allow cross-communication between the different monitoring zones. In areas where nested wells are still allowed, there are usually requirements that spacers be used to keep the various casings apart in the borehole. There is usually also a requirement that 2-inch annular seals be installed between each of the individual well casings. This requirement results in boreholes that must be 12 inches in diameter or larger. The increased cost of the larger boreholes quickly makes nested wells less attractive than clusters of individual wells, especially when the uncertainty of the annular seals is factored in. With the CMT System, the various monitoring channels are inside the CMT tubing. Thus, there is only one, smooth-walled tube within the borehole. The tubing is centered inside the borehole using Solinst's low-profile centralizers, and 2-inch-thick annular seals can be installed easily and reliably in a single borehole as small as 5.6 inches in diameter.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Do CMT wells comply with state and county well construction standards?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Well construction standards vary from region to region, but CMT wells should be in full compliance with well construction standards in most areas. Many states and counties require a 2 inch annular seal between the well casing and borehole wall. That is easily achieved with CMT wells. Given the relatively small diameter of the system (1.6 inches), the requirement for a 2 inch seal is met by installing the system in a borehole that is 5.6 inches in diameter or larger. Low-profile centralizers ensure that CMT wells are centered in the borehole and that the sealing material fills the space surrounding the CMT tubing evenly.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What is the purge volume of the various CMT channels per foot of tubing?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"The outer 6 pie-shaped channels of the CMT tubing each hold 40 ml of fluid per linear foot of tubing. The central channel holds approximately 30 ml per linear foot.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Why is the CMT System less expensive than other multilevel systems?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"There are a couple of reasons for this. First, the tubing is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which is an inexpensive material that is commonly used for environmental sampling. Second, there are no joints in the tubing; the tubing is continuous from the ground surface to the bottom of the borehole. Joints increase the cost of monitoring wells because they require sophisticated design and careful machining to maintain tensile strength and prevent leakage.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What papers or guidance documents have been published that describe the CMT System?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Several papers describing the CMT multilevel monitoring system have been published and more are being published all the time. The most complete description of the CMT System is contained in a technical paper published in the Fall 2002 issue of Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson and Cherry, 2002). Note, however, that several improvements to the system have been made since that paper was written. The CMT System is also described in the American Petroleum Institute's 2000 guidance document titled \\\"Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates\\\". These documents and others can be downloaded from the Papers section of our website.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Does the Waterloo Multilevel System have any advantages over the CMT System?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Yes, the Waterloo System is more suitable for deeper applications, applications that require special materials, such as stainless steel or Teflon and for applications which require dedicated pumps and pressure transducers in up to 8 zones.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"I don't have room at my job site to lay out the tubing in order to mark and install the intake ports and well screens. What other options do I have?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"For long lengths of tubing, e.g. greater than 100 feet, it is often impractical to lay the tubing on the ground at the job site in order to mark and install the various intake ports and well screens. We recommend that you mark the locations of the ports on the tubing ahead of time and bring the coiled CMT tubing to the jobsite. You can then install the ports and well screens at the proper locations as you are lowering the CMT tubing into the borehole. Alternatively, the CMT System can be built anywhere that room is available, then coiled and transported to the site.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Why is the CMT tubing not available in larger diameters?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"We explored making the CMT tubing in larger diameters, but found that doing so had undesirable results. First, increasing the diameter of the tubing resulted in a decrease in the collapse strength of the tubing. Second, the larger-diameter tubing was more difficult to coil, and could not be coiled in diameters small enough to ship with common carriers. Rather than make the tubing larger, we developed water level measuring tapes and sampling pumps that would easily fit down all of the channels of the existing CMT tubing. See Model 101M and Model 102 Water Level Meters.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What is the history of the CMT System?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"The CMT system was originally developed by Murray Einarson while he was a graduate student at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. At the time Murray was a partner in the California-based company, Precision Sampling, which retained ownership of the CMT patent rights until Precision was sold to Conor Pacific Environmental in 1998. In 1999, Murray obtained sole ownership of the patent rights from Conor Pacific and signed an agreement with Solinst, giving them exclusive world-wide rights to manufacture and sell the system. Since that time, Solinst has further developed the CMT System, designing reliable mechanical seals for each channel, a guide point port to allow easy access to the central channel, and a set of specialized tools to simplify system assembly.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"How many CMT wells have been installed to date?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Thousands of CMT wells have been installed on four continents around the world. CMT wells have been installed in most states in the US and in Canada, the UK, Italy, Singapore, and South Africa.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Can CMT wells be used for soil gas sampling?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Yes. Special fittings are available to collect soil gas samples from all channels of the CMT tubing. Contact us for details.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What kind of hydraulic tests can I perform in CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"CMT wells make ideal multilevel observation wells during groundwater pumping tests. Hydraulic tests have also been performed in the wells themselves. Most tests performed in CMT wells performed to date have been slug tests where compressed air is used to depress the water level in the test zone. The compressed air is suddenly released, and the recovery of the interval is monitored by measuring the rising water level over time. Small diameter transducers greatly simplify monitoring of the water level recovery, especially in coarse-grained formations that recover quickly. A good source of information pertaining to hydraulic testing in small-diameter wells can be found at the University of Kansas website: http:\/\/www.geo.ku.edu\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Are groundwater samples collected from CMT wells as good as samples collected from 2-inch or 4-inch conventional monitoring wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Groundwater samples from CMT wells are not only as good as samples collected from traditional monitoring wells, they are usually better! Most importantly, samples from CMT wells are discrete samples from the aquifer, not composite samples typical of long-screened conventional monitoring wells. Consequently, if the concentration of a contaminant in a sample collected from a particular CMT channel is low, you can be confident that the concentration in the aquifer at that depth is indeed low, rather than being low because of dilution as may be the case with a conventional monitoring well. Additional discussion of the sampling biases associated with conventional monitoring wells and the technical advantages of multilevel groundwater monitoring is presented in our Papers Section. In addition, water samples collected from CMT wells are often less turbid than samples collected from conventional monitoring wells. The screen slot size and sand pack of a conventional monitoring well is often a compromise owing to the wide range of grain sizes present within the screened interval of most wells. The well screens and sand pack may be too small for the coarser fraction, but too large for the fine-grained layers within the screened zone. This leads to high levels of turbidity in the water samples since the fine-grained sediments are not effectively filtered by the well screens and sand pack. CMT wells, on the other hand, typically monitor short, discrete intervals in an aquifer. The well screen and sand pack in each monitored zone can be optimized for the grain size of the sediments within each interval. Each intake port in a CMT well can have a different well screen and sand pack size depending on the lithology of the aquifer materials in each monitored zone. This flexibility in well construction optimizes the filtration characteristics of the CMT well, resulting in clear, turbidity-free water samples. CMT wells have other advantages over conventional monitoring wells. First, the purge volume of CMT wells is very small. That means that there is less contaminated water requiring treatment or disposal during routine sampling. Take the case of a 4-zone CMT well that has ports at depths of 20, 40, 60, and 80 feet. Assuming that the static water level is 10 feet below the ground surface, the volume of water required to purge two times the \\\"casing volume\\\" of the four channels would be about 7 liters or less than 2 gallons! Second, CMT wells detect changes in piezometric pressure more accurately than traditional monitoring wells. Two- or 4-inch-diameter monitoring wells store a lot of water compared to the individual channels in a CMT well. The large amount of water stored in a conventional monitoring well means that the well will be slow to respond to changes in piezometric pressure in the aquifer. This is especially true in low-yield formations, where weeks and even months may be required to fill the well casings to the static water level. CMT wells, on the other hand, respond and equilibrate quickly because of the low volume of the various channels.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"How are CMT wells different than \\\"nested wells\\\"?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"CMT wells are indeed very different than \\\"nested wells\\\". In fact, the CMT System was designed in part because of the problems inherent with nested wells. Nested wells are multilevel wells that have multiple casings in a single borehole. That type of well construction was popular in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, the use of nested wells is strongly discouraged by US EPA and other regulatory agencies because of the many documented cases where poor seals between the casings led to cross-connection of the various monitored zones.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->Most boreholes are not perfectly straight or plumb, and the casings inevitably end up lying against each other in some portions of the borehole. Bentonite pellets and\/or cement grouts may not completely fill in the spaces between the casings, resulting in void spaces that allow cross-communication between the different monitoring zones. In areas where nested wells are still allowed, there are usually requirements that spacers be used to keep the various casings apart in the borehole. There is usually also a requirement that 2-inch annular seals be installed between each of the individual well casings. This requirement results in boreholes that must be 12 inches in diameter or larger. The increased cost of the larger boreholes quickly makes nested wells less attractive than clusters of individual wells, especially when the uncertainty of the annular seals is factored in. With the CMT System, the various monitoring channels are inside the CMT tubing. Thus, there is only one, smooth-walled tube within the borehole. The tubing is centered inside the borehole using Solinst's low-profile centralizers, and 2-inch-thick annular seals can be installed easily and reliably in a single borehole as small as 5.6 inches in diameter.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Do CMT wells comply with state and county well construction standards?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Well construction standards vary from region to region, but CMT wells should be in full compliance with well construction standards in most areas. Many states and counties require a 2 inch annular seal between the well casing and borehole wall. That is easily achieved with CMT wells. Given the relatively small diameter of the system (1.6 inches), the requirement for a 2 inch seal is met by installing the system in a borehole that is 5.6 inches in diameter or larger. Low-profile centralizers ensure that CMT wells are centered in the borehole and that the sealing material fills the space surrounding the CMT tubing evenly.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Are CMT wells accepted by regulators? How do I convince my regulator that the System yields reliable data?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Based on what we hear, an emphatic YES! However, the system is still new to many people, including many State and local regulators. Once they are introduced to the system, though, most regulators whole-heartedly support the use of CMT wells. They look forward to the better plume definition afforded with multi-level monitoring, especially compared to the composite samples from long-screened monitoring wells that they have had to settle for in the past. A common concern expressed by the regulatory community is the integrity of the borehole annular seals that prevent vertical movement of groundwater between different zones. This is one of the key advantages of the CMT System. Unlike nested wells where several casings are placed in a single borehole, there is only one casing - or more accurately, one tube - in the borehole with the CMT System. This simplifies the installation and improves the reliability of annular seals installed between the various monitored zones. Another concern expressed by some regulators is the quality of the groundwater samples collected from CMT wells. Until recently, the only way to sample CMT wells was with a Peristaltic Pump or Mini Inertial Pump. Now Solinst has a Micro Double Valve Pump and sample integrity is no longer an issue. Several government and university studies show that pneumatic pumps like the Micro Double Valve pump yield very high quality groundwater samples. The best way to inform your regulator of the advantages of multilevel monitoring using the CMT System is to direct them to the recently published paper on the CMT System authored by its inventors, Murray Einarson and John Cherry. That paper (Einarson and Cherry, GWMR Fall 2002) can be downloaded from our website.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What papers or guidance documents have been published that describe the CMT System?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Several papers describing the CMT multilevel monitoring system have been published and more are being published all the time. The most complete description of the CMT system is contained in a technical paper published in the fall 2002 issue of Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson and Cherry, 2002). Note, however, that several improvements to the system have been made since that paper was written. The CMT system is also described in the American Petroleum Institute's 2000 guidance document titled \\\"Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates.\\\" These documents and others can be downloaded from the Papers section of our website.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What is the maximum depth that CMT wells can be installed?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"CMT wells have been installed to a maximum depth of 260 feet. Stock coil lengths are 100 ft, 200 ft & 300 ft. On special order 400 ft coils are available.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Can segments of the CMT tubing be coupled together?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"No. The system is designed to be installed in one continuous length, thus eliminating the possibility of leakage at joints.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What if I don't want to monitor seven zones? Do I have to use all the channels?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"No. You can use as many or as few as you like. Unused channels do not affect the rest of the CMT System. Some people use two channels to monitor a single zone. They dedicate one of the channels to a Micro Double Valve Pump and use the other channel for measuring water levels. If you use two channels to monitor a single zone, however, you will reduce the number of discrete zones that you can monitor by 50%.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What papers or guidance documents have been published that describe the CMT System?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Several papers describing the CMT multilevel monitoring system have been published and more are being published all the time. The most complete description of the CMT system is contained in a technical paper published in the fall 2002 issue of Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation (Einarson and Cherry, 2002). Note, however, that several improvements to the system have been made since that paper was written. The CMT system is also described in the American Petroleum Institute's 2000 guidance document titled 'Strategies for Characterizing Sites with Releases of MTBE and other Fuel Oxygenates.'\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Is there a minimum borehole diameter that should be used for CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"For installations where sand and bentonite pellets are poured into the borehole annulus from the ground surface, we recommend using CMT centralizers and a borehole diameter of at least 5 inches. That gives the well installer ample space to avoid bridging the sand and bentonite and allows easy access for the Solinst Tag Line. Solinst Double Acting Inflatable Packers are available, by special order, to seal 3\\\", 3.7\\\" and 4\\\" boreholes. Seven-channel CMT wells can be installed through direct-push casing having an inside diameter (ID) of 2 inches or larger. These installations rely on the formation collapsing around the CMT tubing.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What kinds of drilling methods can be usd to install CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"CMT wells have been installed in boreholes created with nearly all types of drilling equipment. A summary of Drilling Methods & Techniques for installing CMT wells in Unconsolidated Aquifers can be found in the Papers & Information section of the Solinst website.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"How do I find a drilling contractor who has experience installing CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"A listing of drilling contractors who have experience installing CMT wells is included on our website. If you have a contractor that you would like to work with but who has not yet installed a CMT well, please have the contractor contact Solinst to explain the various options for installing CMT wells with different types of drilling equipment. We are happy to assist you and\/or your contractor to make sure that your CMT wells are installed successfully. Telephone support is available at no cost. On-site training for you and\/or your contractor is available for a small additional fee necessary to cover our time and travel costs.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"I've seen pictures of the CMT System installed with bentonite packers. Are they available from Solinst?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Prototype bentonite packers were used during the initial development and testing of the CMT system. Those bentonite seals, which are described in the 2002 Einarson and Cherry paper, proved to be too difficult and time-consuming to construct in the field. Therefore, we recommend that all annular materials, including sand pack and bentonite seals, be poured from the surface in conjunction with CMT System Centralizers.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"I've heard that inflatable packers exist that allow for temporary or permanent installations in bedrock aquifers. How do they work?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"We have developed Double-Acting Inflatable Packers that are used to seal the annular space between the CMT tubing and the borehole wall in bedrock installations. They are \\\"double acting\\\" in that the inside of the packers expand along with the outside of the packers. By applying a small vacuum to the packers, the inner gland expands slightly. The packers then slide easily over the CMT tubing and can be positioned where needed. When the vacuum is released, the inner gland retracts, securing the packers to the CMT tubing. Clamps are attached to the packers to ensure that they don't move when the well is inserted into the borehole. An inflation tube connects to each of the packers and extends to the ground surface. When the CMT well is fully inserted, the packers are inflated with air, nitrogen, or water. Inflating the packers seals both the borehole annulus and the space between the CMT tubing and the packers. An advantage of this system is that the packers can be deflated and the system removed when monitoring is no longer needed.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Can I install CMT wells with direct-push equipment?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Yes. Many DP contractors are installing 7-Channel CMT wells. The wells are typically installed inside of probe rods equipped with disposable drive points. Once the probe rods have been advanced to the desired depth, the CMT tubing is inserted. Then, the probe rods are retracted, leaving the CMT well in the ground. Most of these installations have been in sandy formations where the soil collapses around the CMT tubing when the probe rods are retracted. Installations in formations that do not collapse are more difficult, especially with small-diameter probe rods. The small inside diameter of the probe rods leaves little space to pour annular materials (i.e. sand and bentonite pellets) from the ground surface.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What is the best way to install sand packs and annular seals between the various monitored zones?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"The best way to install sand pack and annular seals is by pouring them into the borehole annulus from the surface or using a tremie pipe. When installing 7-Channel CMT wells this way, we suggest that you have a borehole no smaller than 5 inches in diameter. A borehole 5 inches in diameter or larger allows plenty of room for sand and bentonite pellets to fall to the bottom of the borehole without bridging. Also, be sure to use Solinst's low-profile centralizers to keep the CMT tubing centered in the borehole. These centralizers have been designed to minimize the likelihood of bridging the annular materials when building the well. Also, you may want to use an Anchor Plate to keep the CMT from rising up in the borehole, especially when drive casing (if used) is incrementally withdrawn from the borehole. The Anchor Plate is bolted directly to the Guide Point Port. After you have inserted the CMT well to the bottom of the hole, place a sandpack across the deepest monitoring zone by pouring sand into the annulus until it comes up to the level specified in your well construction design diagram. Be sure to measure the depth of the sand pack frequently with Solinst's Model 103 Tag Line while you are pouring the sand. This ensures that you don't bring the sand pack too high up in the borehole. Once the sand pack is above the bottom monitoring port, pour bentonite pellets to make a seal between the bottom monitoring zone and the overlying one. Contractors have reported good success using coated bentonite pellets for the annular seals. Pour the pellets slowly, and measure the depth of the seal frequently with the tag line to avoid adding too much bentonite. Continue adding alternating layers of sand pack and bentonite seals as described above, up to the levels specified in your well construction design diagram. Additional information about constructing CMT wells is presented in our Model 403 CMT Installation Manual (available on our site).\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"I don't have room at my job site to lay out the tubing in order to mark and install the intake ports and well screens. What other options do I have?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"For long lengths of tubing, e.g. greater than 100 feet, it is often impractical to lay the tubing on the ground at the job site in order to mark and install the various intake ports and well screens. We recommend that you mark the locations of the ports on the tubing ahead of time and bring the coiled CMT tubing to the jobsite. You can then install the ports and well screens at the proper locations as you are lowering the CMT tubing into the borehole. Alternatively, the CMT System can be built anywhere that room is available, then coiled and transported to the site.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"How do I decommission CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"CMT wells can be pressure grouted using a bentonite or cement slurry. The injected fluid will fill each CMT channel and the sand pack adjacent to each intake port. CMT wells can also be over drilled if necessary.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What is the purge volume of the various CMT channels per foot of tubing?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"The outer 6 pie-shaped channels of the CMT tubing each hold about 40 ml of fluid per linear foot of tubing. The central channel holds approximately 30 ml per linear foot.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What if I don't want to monitor seven zones? Do I have to use all the channels?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"No. You can use as many or as few as you like. Unused channels do not affect the rest of the CMT System. Some people use two channels to monitor a single zone. They dedicate one of the channels to a Micro Double Valve Pump and use the other channel for measuring water levels. If you use two channels to monitor a single zone, however, you will reduce the number of discrete zones that you can monitor by 50%.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"How do I measure water levels inside CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Water levels can be measured with Solinst's Model 101 or Model 102 small-diameter water level tapes. If continuous recording of water levels is desired, you can install Solinst's Model PDCR 35\/D Druck transducers. The transducers can be connected to a wellhead datalogger or a telemetry unit for remote reading from a central data collection center. These transducers will only fit inside the outer channels and not the narrower center channel.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"What are the best ways to purge and sample CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"You basically have 3 choices for purging and sampling in narrow diameter applications. The Model 410 Peristaltic Pump can be used where the suction lift is less than 25 ft (7.5 m). Solinst's Mini Inertial Pump (MIP) can also be used. The MIP uses 1\/4\\\" (6mm) dia. riser tubing fitted with a \\\"push-in\\\" foot valve. Repeated up and down strokes brings the sample to surface from depths up to 150 ft. (46m). Purge & sampling can also be done with the Model 408M Micro Double Valve pump which is ideal for low flow sampling. The 408M is made of 3\/8\\\" (10mm) dia. flexible coaxial tubing available in LDPE for use to 50 ft. (15m) or Teflon for use down to 150 ft. (46m) The 408M uses a drive gas which is delivered through a controller.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Are there any chemical affects of biases associated with the polyethylene tubing or other parts of the CMT system?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"There are chemical biases associated with all types of groundwater monitoring wells and sampling pumps. Potential chemical biases associated with the CMT system relate to (1) the use of polyethylene tubing and (2) the sampling devices used to collect water samples. Hydrophobic organic contaminants can sorb to the polyethylene tubing, potentially causing a negative sampling bias. In some situations, those same compounds can diffuse through the polyethylene, either from outside of the well or from adjacent channels, potentially causing a positive sampling bias in some channels. Potential biases with hydrophyllic contaminants, e.g. MTBE or most inorganic compounds is minimal. A thorough discussion of these potential sampling biases is presented in the Einarson and Cherry Paper describing the CMT system that was published in the Fall 2002 issue of Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"Are groundwater samples collected from CMT wells as good as samples collected from 2-inch or 4-inch conventional monitoring wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Groundwater samples from CMT wells are not only as good as samples collected from traditional monitoring wells, they are usually better! Most importantly, samples from CMT wells are discrete samples from the aquifer, not composite samples typical of long-screened conventional monitoring wells. Consequently, if the concentration of a contaminant in a sample collected from a particular CMT channel is low, you can be confident that the concentration in the aquifer at that depth is indeed low, rather than being low because of dilution as may be the case with a conventional monitoring well. Additional discussion of the sampling biases associated with conventional monitoring wells and the technical advantages of multilevel groundwater monitoring is presented in our Papers Section. In addition, water samples collected from CMT wells are often less turbid than samples collected from conventional monitoring wells. The screen slot size and sand pack of a conventional monitoring well is often a compromise owing to the wide range of grain sizes present within the screened interval of most wells. The well screens and sand pack may be too small for the coarser fraction, but too large for the fine-grained layers within the screened zone. This leads to high levels of turbidity in the water samples since the fine-grained sediments are not effectively filtered by the well screens and sand pack. CMT wells, on the other hand, typically monitor short, discrete intervals in an aquifer. The well screen and sand pack in each monitored zone can be optimized for the grain size of the sediments within each interval. Each intake port in a CMT well can have a different well screen and sand pack size depending on the lithology of the aquifer materials in each monitored zone. This flexibility in well construction optimizes the filtration characteristics of the CMT well, resulting in clear, turbidity-free water samples. CMT wells have other advantages over conventional monitoring wells. First, the purge volume of CMT wells is very small. That means that there is less contaminated water requiring treatment or disposal during routine sampling. Take the case of a 4-zone CMT well that has ports at depths of 20, 40, 60, and 80 feet. Assuming that the static water level is 10 feet below the ground surface, the volume of water required to purge two times the \\\"casing volume\\\" of the four channels would be about 13 liters or less than 3.5 gallons! Second, CMT wells detect changes in piezometric pressure more accurately than traditional monitoring wells. Two- or 4-inch-diameter monitoring wells store a lot of water compared to the individual channels in a CMT well. The large amount of water stored in a conventional monitoring well means that the well will be slow to respond to changes in piezometric pressure in the aquifer. This is especially true in low-yield formations, where weeks and even months may be required to recharge the well casings to the static water level. CMT wells, on the other hand, respond and equilibrate quickly because of the low volume of the various channels.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"I have flowing artesian conditions at my site. Do you have a way to plug and sample the ports at the wellhead?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"Yes. Special expansion plugs are available to seal the various channels at the wellhead. The plugs have optional valves which allow you to collect groundwater samples simply by opening the valves. Pressure gauges can also be attached to the plugs at the wellhead in order to measure the piezometric pressures in each monitored zone.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  },{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"name\": \"How do I develop CMT wells?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"text\": \"We have had good success purging the wells with Peristaltic Pumps and Mini Inertial Pumps. You cannot, of course, develop CMT wells the way you would a water supply well, but that type of rigorous development isn't required with small-diameter monitoring wells. The goal of developing CMT wells, which is usually easily achieved, is to establish hydraulic connection with the formation. The well won't be 100% efficient, but the hydraulic head values measured in the well will be accurate, and the well will yield more than enough water to sample (assuming that the formation is reasonably permeable). If you added water when drilling the borehole or constructing the well, the best way of dealing with this is to simply wait several days for the water you've added to \\\"drift\\\" down gradient. For sites with typical groundwater velocities (0.5 to 2 feet per day), the water added during drilling and\/or well construction will have drifted away from the CMT intake ports in several days. If the water added during drilling has a different electrical conductivity (EC) than the formation water, you can monitor the EC in water pumped from the well to confirm that the drill water is gone. Some consultants have added potassium bromide (an inert tracer commonly used in groundwater research) as a tracer to the drill\/construction water and then monitored the purge water in the CMT well with a bromide-specific electrode to verify that the drill water is no longer in the vicinity of the CMT well prior to collecting samples. 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Systemet \u00e4r konstruerat f\u00f6r att installeras i en sammanh\u00e4ngande l\u00e4ngd, vilket eliminerar risken f\u00f6r l\u00e4ckage vid skarvar. <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dsm_faq_child_1 dsm-faq-item-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dsm-title-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t <div class=\"dsm-title-inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t   <div class=\"dsm_open_icon\"><span>K<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t   <div class=\"dsm_close_icon\"><span>L<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t   \n\t\t\t\t   \n\t\t\t\t   <h3 class=\"dsm-faq-title\">&#8221;Accepteras<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t <\/div> \n\t\t\t\t <div class=\"dsm-faq-item-inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t   \n\t\t\t\t   \n\t\t\t\t   \n\t\t\t\t   \n\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dsm-faq-content\">&#8221;Baserat<\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":78596,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"folder":[133],"class_list":["post-78554","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CMT Multilevel System FAQ: Ofta st\u00e4llda fr\u00e5gor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"CMT Multilevel System FAQ: Ofta st\u00e4llda fr\u00e5gor. 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